Toppino Thomas C
Department of Psychology, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA.
Percept Psychophys. 2003 Nov;65(8):1285-95. doi: 10.3758/bf03194852.
Observers can exert a degree of intentional control over the perception of reversible figures. Also, the portion of the stimulus that is selected for primary or enhanced processing (focal-feature processing) influences how observers perceive a reversible figure. Two experiments investigated whether voluntary control over perception of a Necker cube could be explained in terms of intentionally selecting appropriate focal features within the stimulus for primary processing. In Experiment 1, varying observers' intentions and the focus of primary processing produced additive effects on the percentage of time that one alternative was perceived. In Experiment 2, the effect of varying the focus of primary processing was eliminated by the use of a small cube, but the effect of intention was unaltered. The results indicate that intentional control over perception can be exerted independently of focal-feature processing, perhaps by top-down activation or priming of perceptual representations. The results also reveal the limits of intentional control.
观察者能够对可逆图形的感知施加一定程度的有意控制。此外，被选择用于主要或增强处理（焦点特征处理）的刺激部分会影响观察者对可逆图形的感知方式。两项实验研究了对奈克方块感知的自愿控制是否可以通过在刺激中有意选择适当的焦点特征进行主要处理来解释。在实验1中，改变观察者的意图和主要处理的焦点对一种图形被感知的时间百分比产生了累加效应。在实验2中，使用小方块消除了改变主要处理焦点的影响，但意图的影响未改变。结果表明，对感知的有意控制可以独立于焦点特征处理来施加，可能是通过自上而下的激活或感知表征的启动。结果还揭示了有意控制的局限性。
