Nayar D, Kapil U, Joshi Y K, Sundaram K R, Srivastava S P, Shukla N K, Tandon R K
Department of Human Nutrition and Institute of Rotary Cancer, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110 029.
J Assoc Physicians India. 2000 Aug;48(8):781-7.
The present case-control study was undertaken with the objective to study the nutritional risk factors associated with esophageal cancer.
One hundred and fifty diagnosed esophageal cancer patients and an equal number of healthy individuals constituted the patient and control groups, respectively. Dietary consumption pattern during the preceding 20 years prior to the diagnosis of esophageal cancer was assessed utilising the standard food frequency questionnaire method. Information on alcohol consumption, smoking habits, chewing of betel leaf with tobacco was also collected.
Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk of esophageal cancer was 7.81 times (p < 0.01) higher with daily consumption of alcohol. The risk increased to 3.16 times (p < 0.01) with the daily habit of chewing of betel leaf with tobacco. Nearly a two fold risk was observed when the consumption of "other vegetables" was less than four times per week. A 1.95 times (p < 0.01) increase in risk was observed with the daily habit of bidi smoking.
Cancers in general are multifactorial in origin, and several environmental interactions are possible. It is not easy to quantify the contribution of diet to cancer risk. However, the results of the present study suggested that nutritional factors do play a role.
开展本病例对照研究旨在探讨与食管癌相关的营养风险因素。
150例确诊的食管癌患者和数量相等的健康个体分别构成患者组和对照组。采用标准食物频率问卷调查法评估食管癌诊断前20年的饮食消费模式。还收集了饮酒、吸烟习惯、嚼食槟榔加烟草的相关信息。
多因素分析显示，每日饮酒使患食管癌的风险高出7.81倍（p < 0.01）。每日嚼食槟榔加烟草的习惯使风险增至3.16倍（p < 0.01）。当“其他蔬菜”的摄入量每周少于4次时，观察到风险增加近两倍。每日吸比迪烟的习惯使风险增加1.95倍（p < 0.01）。
一般来说，癌症的起源是多因素的，可能存在多种环境相互作用。量化饮食对癌症风险的影响并不容易。然而，本研究结果表明营养因素确实起作用。
