Xu J R
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
Fungal Genet Biol. 2000 Dec;31(3):137-52. doi: 10.1006/fgbi.2000.1237.
MAP kinases in eukaryotic cells are well known for transducing a variety of extracellular signals to regulate cell growth and differentiation. Recently, MAP kinases homologous to the yeast Fus3/Kss1 MAP kinases have been identified in several fungal pathogens and found to be important for appressorium formation, invasive hyphal growth, and fungal pathogenesis. This MAP kinase pathway also controls diverse growth or differentiation processes, including conidiation, conidial germination, and female fertility. MAP kinases homologous to yeast Slt2 and Hog1 have also been characterized in Candida albicans and Magnaporthe grisea. Mutants disrupted of the Slt2 homologues have weak cell walls, altered hyphal growth, and reduced virulence. The Hog1 homologues are dispensable for growth but are essential for regulating responses to hyperosmotic stress in C. albicans and M. grisea. Overall, recent studies have indicated that MAP kinase pathways may play important roles in regulating growth, differentiation, survival, and pathogenesis in fungal pathogens.
真核细胞中的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAP激酶）因转导多种细胞外信号以调节细胞生长和分化而广为人知。最近，在几种真菌病原体中发现了与酵母Fus3/Kss1 MAP激酶同源的MAP激酶，并且发现它们对于附着胞形成、侵入菌丝生长和真菌致病性很重要。这条MAP激酶途径还控制多种生长或分化过程，包括分生孢子形成、分生孢子萌发和雌性育性。与酵母Slt2和Hog1同源的MAP激酶也已在白色念珠菌和稻瘟病菌中得到表征。Slt2同源物被破坏的突变体细胞壁薄弱，菌丝生长改变，毒力降低。Hog1同源物对于生长不是必需的，但对于调节白色念珠菌和稻瘟病菌对高渗胁迫的反应至关重要。总体而言，最近的研究表明，MAP激酶途径可能在调节真菌病原体的生长、分化、存活和致病性中发挥重要作用。
