Matthews D B, Overstreet D H, Rezvani A H, Devaud L L, Morrow A L
Department of Psychiatry, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7178, USA.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2001 Jan;68(1):13-21. doi: 10.1016/s0091-3057(00)00458-5.
The enhancement of voluntary self-administration of ethanol by sucrose or saccharin was tested in conjunction with measurements of blood ethanol levels. Adult male rats were given access to both tap water and one of five solutions: 0.125% saccharin, 10% sucrose, ethanol, saccharin+ethanol, or sucrose+ethanol. The rats receiving the sucrose+ethanol solution drank consistently more ethanol (>5 g/kg/day) than did the rats receiving the saccharin+ethanol solution (<3 g/kg/day) or ethanol only (<2 g/kg/day). Both sweetened solutions produced higher ethanol consumption during these periods than ethanol alone. However, no significant differences in blood ethanol levels were found between the sucrose+ethanol and saccharin+ethanol conditions, when tested at different intervals on Day 44 or Day 45 of ethanol consumption. Following 45 days of consumption, no change in the bicuculline seizure threshold was observed in the ethanol-consuming rats compared to the controls. In a separate study using 90 naive rats, rats were gavaged with ethanol (1, 2, or 3 g/kg) containing either 10% sucrose (n=10 for each dose of ethanol), 0.125% saccharin (n=10 for each dose of ethanol), or ethanol alone (n=10 for each dose of ethanol), and blood was collected from the tip of the tail 30, 60, 180, 300, and 540 min later and analyzed for ethanol concentrations. Sucrose significantly decreased the resultant blood ethanol levels at several time points following gavage. These results indicate that sucrose can significantly alter blood ethanol levels and that chronic self-administration of a sweetened ethanol solution for 6 weeks does not produce ethanol dependence.
在测量血液乙醇水平的同时，对蔗糖或糖精增强乙醇的自愿自我给药情况进行了测试。成年雄性大鼠可以饮用自来水和以下五种溶液之一：0.125%的糖精、10%的蔗糖、乙醇、糖精+乙醇或蔗糖+乙醇。接受蔗糖+乙醇溶液的大鼠摄入的乙醇量始终多于接受糖精+乙醇溶液（<3克/千克/天）或仅接受乙醇（<2克/千克/天）的大鼠（>5克/千克/天）。在这些时间段内，两种加糖溶液的乙醇摄入量均高于单独饮用乙醇的情况。然而，在乙醇摄入第44天或第45天的不同时间间隔进行测试时，蔗糖+乙醇组和糖精+乙醇组的血液乙醇水平没有显著差异。在摄入乙醇45天后，与对照组相比，摄入乙醇的大鼠的荷包牡丹碱惊厥阈值没有变化。在另一项使用90只未接触过乙醇的大鼠的研究中，给大鼠灌胃含有10%蔗糖（每种乙醇剂量n=10）、0.125%糖精（每种乙醇剂量n=10）或仅含乙醇（每种乙醇剂量n=10）的乙醇（1、2或3克/千克），并在30、60、180、300和540分钟后从尾尖采集血液，分析乙醇浓度。蔗糖在灌胃后的几个时间点显著降低了血液中的乙醇水平。这些结果表明，蔗糖可以显著改变血液乙醇水平，并且连续6周自我给药加糖乙醇溶液不会产生乙醇依赖性。
