Anderer P, Klösch G, Gruber G, Trenker E, Pascual-Marqui R D, Zeitlhofer J, Barbanoj M J, Rappelsberger P, Saletu B
Department of Psychiatry, University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
Neuroscience. 2001;103(3):581-92. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00028-8.
Analyses of scalp-recorded sleep spindles have demonstrated topographically distinct slow and fast spindle waves. In the present paper, the electrical activity in the brain corresponding to different types of sleep spindles was estimated by means of low-resolution electromagnetic tomography. In its new implementation, this method is based on realistic head geometry and solution space is restricted to the cortical gray matter and hippocampus. In multichannel all-night electroencephalographic recordings, 10-20 artifact-free 1.25-s epochs with frontally, parietally and approximately equally distributed spindles were marked visually in 10 normal healthy subjects aged 20-35years. As a control condition, artifact-free non-spindle epochs 1-3s before or after the corresponding spindle episodes were marked. Low-resolution electromagnetic tomography demonstrated, independent of the scalp distribution, a distributed spindle source in the prefrontal cortex (Brodmann areas 9 and 10), oscillating with a frequency below 13Hz, and in the precuneus (Brodmann area 7), oscillating with a frequency above 13Hz. In extremely rare cases only the prefrontal or the parietal source was active. Brodmann areas 9 and 10 have principal connections to the dorsomedial thalamic nucleus; Brodmann area 7 is connected to the lateroposterior, laterodorsal and rostral intralaminar centrolateral thalamic nuclei. Thus, the localized cortical brain regions are directly connected with adjacent parts of the dorsal thalamus, where sleep spindles are generated. The results demonstrated simultaneously active cortical spindle sources which differed in frequency by approximately 2Hz and were located in brain regions known to be critically involved in the processing of sensory input, which is in line with the assumed functional role of sleep spindles.
对头皮记录的睡眠纺锤波的分析表明，存在地形学上不同的慢纺锤波和快纺锤波。在本文中，通过低分辨率电磁断层扫描技术估计了与不同类型睡眠纺锤波相对应的大脑电活动。在其新的实现方式中，该方法基于真实的头部几何形状，并且解空间仅限于皮质灰质和海马体。在多通道全夜脑电图记录中，在10名年龄在20至35岁的正常健康受试者中，目视标记出10 - 20个无伪迹的1.25秒时段，这些时段在前额、顶叶以及纺锤波大致均匀分布。作为对照条件，在相应纺锤波发作之前或之后1 - 3秒的无伪迹非纺锤波时段也被标记出来。低分辨率电磁断层扫描显示，与头皮分布无关，在前额叶皮质（布罗德曼区9和10）有一个分布式纺锤波源，其振荡频率低于13赫兹，在楔前叶（布罗德曼区7）有一个振荡频率高于13赫兹的分布式纺锤波源。在极少数情况下，只有前额叶或顶叶源是活跃的。布罗德曼区9和10与背内侧丘脑核有主要连接；布罗德曼区7与丘脑后外侧、丘脑背外侧和丘脑中央外侧核的层内嘴侧部分相连。因此，这些局部的皮质脑区与背侧丘脑的相邻部分直接相连，而睡眠纺锤波正是在背侧丘脑产生的。结果表明，同时活跃的皮质纺锤波源在频率上相差约2赫兹，且位于已知对感觉输入处理至关重要的脑区，这与睡眠纺锤波假定的功能作用相符。
