Hanke W, Saurel-Cubizolles M J, Sobala W, Kalinka J
Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland.
Eur J Public Health. 2001 Mar;11(1):23-8. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/11.1.23.
Unemployment is one of the consequences of the ongoing transformation of the Polish economy. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between women's employment status and preterm delivery (PD) and/or small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants, in Central Poland during the socio-economic transition.
The study population comprised 8% random sample of 2,080 women from the Lodz macro region who gave birth to a child during a one-year period (1996-1997). Based on the employment status, three groups were distinguished: the employed (n = 1238), the unemployed (n = 128)--women who lost their job before pregnancy (at least 12 months prior to delivery) and were actively seeking employment, and the housewives (n = 714). Women with chronic medical problems diagnosed before pregnancy were excluded from the study.
The rates of preterm delivery were found to be 6.3%, 11.7% and 4.9%, respectively for the employed, unemployed, and housewives. After adjustment for age, marital status, education, maternal height, smoking, own apartment, presence of cervical insufficiency and uterine irritability, an excess risk of PD was observed among the unemployed women (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.01-3.64). Unemployment was associated, though not significantly, with higher rates of SGA births.
In Central Poland, the unemployed pregnant women are characterised by an excess risk of preterm delivery. The impact of unemployment on the community's health, which seems to be underestimated, should be given more consideration in the national and local policies for public health.
失业是波兰经济持续转型的后果之一。本研究的主要目的是调查波兰中部社会经济转型期间女性就业状况与早产（PD）和/或小于胎龄（SGA）婴儿之间的关系。
研究人群包括罗兹大区2080名在一年期间（1996 - 1997年）分娩的女性中8%的随机样本。根据就业状况，分为三组：就业组（n = 1238）、失业组（n = 128）——在怀孕前（分娩前至少12个月）失业且积极求职的女性，以及家庭主妇组（n = 714）。怀孕前被诊断患有慢性疾病的女性被排除在研究之外。
就业组、失业组和家庭主妇组的早产率分别为6.3%、11.7%和4.9%。在调整年龄、婚姻状况、教育程度、产妇身高、吸烟、自有公寓、宫颈机能不全和子宫易激惹等因素后，观察到失业女性中早产风险增加（OR = 1.92，95% CI：1.01 - 3.64）。失业与SGA出生发生率较高相关，但不显著。
在波兰中部，失业孕妇的特点是早产风险增加。失业对社区健康的影响似乎被低估了，在国家和地方公共卫生政策中应给予更多考虑。
