Hedin M C, Maddison W P
Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2001 Mar;18(3):386-403. doi: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0883.
Four gene regions were sequenced for 30 species of jumping spiders, most from the subfamily Dendryphantinae, to investigate their molecular phylogeny and evolution. These are three regions from the mitochondria (ca. 560 bp of 16S plus adjacent tRNA, 1047 bp of cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1), and 414 bp of NADH1 (ND1) and one region from the nuclear genome (ca. 750 bp of 28S). Parsimony and likelihood analyses of these gene regions separately and together support the monophyly of the dendryphantines as delimited previously by morphological characters. A group of elongate-bodied genera are placed as basal among the dendryphantines, and previously proposed relationships of Poultonella, Paraphidippus, and Sassacus vitis are confirmed. Comparison of overall rates of molecular evolution indicates striking differences across the gene regions, with highest divergence in ND1, CO1, 16S, and 28S in decreasing order. All four regions are characterized by both within- and among-site rate variation. Phylogenetic results from CO1 conflict conspicuously with phylogenetic results from the other genes and morphological data. Attempts to account for potential sources of this conflict (e.g., accommodating biased base composition, high homoplasy, within- and among-site rate variation, etc.) are largely unsuccessful.
对30种跳蛛进行了4个基因区域的测序，其中大多数来自枝腹蛛亚科，以研究它们的分子系统发育和进化。这4个区域包括线粒体的3个区域（16S约560 bp加上相邻的tRNA、细胞色素氧化酶1（CO1）的1047 bp和NADH1（ND1）的414 bp）以及核基因组的1个区域（28S约750 bp）。对这些基因区域分别进行的简约分析和似然分析以及综合分析均支持枝腹蛛类的单系性，这与之前根据形态特征所划定的一致。一组身体细长的属被置于枝腹蛛类的基部，并且之前所提出的普氏蛛属、拟狂蛛属和葡萄沙蛛的亲缘关系得到了证实。分子进化总体速率的比较表明，各基因区域存在显著差异，ND1、CO1、16S和28S的分歧程度从高到低依次递减。所有4个区域均具有位点内和位点间的速率变化特征。CO1的系统发育结果与其他基因以及形态学数据的系统发育结果明显冲突。为解释这种冲突的潜在来源所做的尝试（例如，考虑碱基组成偏差、高度同塑性、位点内和位点间速率变化等）大多未成功。
