Queste A, Lacombe M, Hellmeier W, Hillermann F, Bortulussi B, Kaup M, Ott K, Mathys W
Institute of Public Health, North Rhine-Westphalia, Bielefeld, Germany.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2001 Mar;203(3):221-4. doi: 10.1078/S1438-4639(04)70032-2.
In 1998, two cases of severe dental fluorosis in schoolchildren occurred in the Muenster region. These cases took place in one household, where fluoridated toothpaste, fluoridated salt, and fluoride tablets were consumed. Furthermore, the family used drinking water from its private well only. Analyses of the well water ordered by local health officials revealed very high amounts of fluoride, boron, and other electrolytes. This unusual combination of high amounts of fluoride and boron could also be found in the water of a great number of other private wells that are the only source for drinking water in this rural region of the Muensterland. Anthropogenic sources could be excluded. Because of this, the results of the water samples were collated to the specific geological situation in this area. In the Muenster region there are marl layers of the chalk era covered with quarternary sediments. The quarternary sediments are up to 10 to 20 metres thick and they usually conduct the groundwater. The marl contains high concentrations of fluoride and boron. In some places the groundwater has contact with these layers. To check the amount of fluoride and boron in the groundwater, indicator values were sought, which can give a hint of high contents of these trace elements. In this study the conductivity and acidity were identified as possible indicators of a high amount of fluoride and boron in the drinking water in this specific region. To work economically and efficiently, the drinking water should be checked for fluoride and boron on a regular basis only when these values are extraordinarily high. In the case of high concentrations, especially of fluoride, in the drinking water the persons concerned should be informed about their potential health risk, giving them the opportunity to optimise the total daily intake of fluoride.
1998年，明斯特地区有两名学童出现严重氟斑牙病例。这些病例发生在一户家庭中，该家庭使用了含氟牙膏、加氟盐和氟片。此外，这家人仅使用自家水井的饮用水。当地卫生官员要求对井水进行分析，结果显示其中氟、硼和其他电解质含量极高。在明斯特兰农村地区，大量其他私人水井的水中也发现了这种氟和硼含量异常高的情况，且排除了人为来源。因此，将水样检测结果与该地区的特定地质情况进行了对比。在明斯特地区，白垩纪时代的泥灰岩层被第四纪沉积物覆盖。第四纪沉积物厚度达10至20米，通常传导地下水。泥灰岩中氟和硼的含量很高。在某些地方，地下水与这些岩层接触。为检测地下水中氟和硼的含量，寻找了指示值，这些指示值可提示这些微量元素的高含量情况。在本研究中，电导率和酸度被确定为该特定地区饮用水中氟和硼含量高的可能指示指标。为经济高效地开展工作，仅当这些值异常高时，才应定期检测饮用水中的氟和硼。如果饮用水中氟含量尤其是氟浓度较高，应告知相关人员其潜在健康风险，让他们有机会优化每日氟的总摄入量。
