Dunwiddie T V, Masino S A
Department of Pharmacology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA.
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2001;24:31-55. doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.31.
Adenosine is a modulator that has a pervasive and generally inhibitory effect on neuronal activity. Tonic activation of adenosine receptors by adenosine that is normally present in the extracellular space in brain tissue leads to inhibitory effects that appear to be mediated by both adenosine A1 and A2A receptors. Relief from this tonic inhibition by receptor antagonists such as caffeine accounts for the excitatory actions of these agents. Characterization of the effects of adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists has led to numerous hypotheses concerning the role of this nucleoside. Previous work has established a role for adenosine in a diverse array of neural phenomena, which include regulation of sleep and the level of arousal, neuroprotection, regulation of seizure susceptibility, locomotor effects, analgesia, mediation of the effects of ethanol, and chronic drug use.
腺苷是一种调节剂，对神经元活动具有广泛且通常为抑制性的作用。脑组织细胞外空间中正常存在的腺苷对腺苷受体的持续性激活会产生抑制作用，这种抑制作用似乎是由腺苷A1和A2A受体介导的。诸如咖啡因等受体拮抗剂解除这种持续性抑制，解释了这些药物的兴奋作用。对腺苷受体激动剂和拮抗剂作用的表征引发了许多关于这种核苷作用的假说。先前的研究已经确定腺苷在多种神经现象中发挥作用，这些现象包括睡眠和觉醒水平的调节、神经保护、癫痫易感性的调节、运动效应、镇痛、乙醇作用的介导以及慢性药物使用。
