Matrix metalloproteinase-1 and skin ageing in smokers.

Smokers look older than non-smokers of the same age. We have compared the concentrations of mRNA for matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) in the buttock skin of smokers and non-smokers with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions. MMP-1 degrades collagen, which accounts for at least 70% of the dry weight of dermis. We report significantly more MMP-1 mRNA in the skin of smokers than non-smokers whereas no difference was seen for the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) or the housekeeping gene GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase). We suggest that smoking-induced MMP-1 might be important in the skin-ageing effects of tobacco smoking.