McCann B S, Roy-Byrne P
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2000 Jul;5(3):191-7. doi: 10.1053/scnp.2000.6730.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder which begins in childhood. It is now recognized that ADHD persists into adolescence and adulthood in the majority of cases. Significant psychiatric comorbidity, particularly substance abuse, antisocial personality disorder, and mood and anxiety disorders occurs in adolescent and adult ADHD. Perhaps one fifth of childhood cases of ADHD may also have co-morbid learning disorder. Significant legal, academic, social, and occupational problems have been observed in adults with ADHD. The clinician faces a diagnostic and treatment challenge in trying to determine whether ADHD and learning disabilities (LDs) are present in the adult patient. Treatment and recommendations for accommodations in institutions of higher education and the workplace may rest on accurate discrimination between ADHD and LD.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种始于童年的发育障碍。现在人们认识到，在大多数情况下，ADHD会持续到青少年期和成年期。青少年和成年ADHD患者中会出现显著的精神共病，尤其是药物滥用、反社会人格障碍以及情绪和焦虑障碍。儿童期ADHD病例中可能约有五分之一还伴有学习障碍。患有ADHD的成年人存在显著的法律、学业、社交和职业问题。临床医生在试图确定成年患者是否存在ADHD和学习障碍（LD）时面临诊断和治疗挑战。高等教育机构和工作场所的治疗及住宿建议可能取决于对ADHD和LD的准确区分。
