Hazell P
Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
J Paediatr Child Health. 1997 Apr;33(2):131-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1997.tb01015.x.
The literature on the overlap (co-morbidity) of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with conduct disorder, specific learning disability, and anxiety disorders was reviewed to examine: (i) the evidence for ADHD being a syndrome distinct from the other conditions; and (ii) the evidence for co-morbid patterns representing meaningful subtypes of ADHD.
Narrative review of the literature.
Conduct disorder is distinguished from ADHD by prognosis, patterns of association and familial aggregation. Pure' disorders are uncommon, however, and there is little evidence to support a distinct co-morbid subtype. There are few data that reliably distinguish ADHD from specific learning disabilities, but there are weaknesses in research to date. A specific ADHD+learning disabled subtype may exist, but as yet the implications for treatment are not known. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is distinguished from anxiety by symptom discrimination, factor analysis, patterns of association, familial aggregation and treatment response. There is evidence for a distinct ADHD+anxiety subtype.
回顾关于注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）与品行障碍、特定学习障碍和焦虑症重叠（共病）的文献，以检验：（i）ADHD作为一种有别于其他病症的综合征的证据；以及（ii）共病模式代表ADHD有意义亚型的证据。
对文献进行叙述性综述。
品行障碍通过预后、关联模式和家族聚集性与ADHD相区分。然而，“纯粹”的病症并不常见，几乎没有证据支持存在明显的共病亚型。可靠区分ADHD与特定学习障碍的数据很少，但迄今为止的研究存在缺陷。可能存在一种特定的ADHD + 学习障碍亚型，但目前对治疗的影响尚不清楚。注意力缺陷多动障碍通过症状辨别、因素分析、关联模式、家族聚集性和治疗反应与焦虑症相区分。有证据支持存在明显的ADHD + 焦虑亚型。
