Sateia M J, Greenough G, Nowell P
Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Medical School, One Medical Center Dr., Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2000 Oct;5(4):227-37. doi: 10.1053/scnp.2000.9556.
Sleep disorders have been recognized for millennia as a common complication of medical and neurologic disease. Virtually all neuropsychiatric disorders carry with them the potential for disturbances of sleep. When such complications do exist, they are typically associated with decreased quality of life, increased morbidity, and, in some cases, increased mortality rates. The prevalence of major sleep disorders among neurologic patients is high, but the rate of detection and treatment is quite low. The major sleep-related problems in this population can be divided into six areas: insomnia, circadian rhythm (sleep-wake schedule) disorders, hypersomnia, sleep-related breathing disorders, motor disturbances in sleep, and parasomnias. In this brief review, general clinical principles, diagnostic assessment and management guidelines for each of these areas are considered and their specific manifestations in neuropsychiatric disorders identified.
睡眠障碍作为医学和神经系统疾病的常见并发症已被认识了数千年。几乎所有神经精神疾病都有可能导致睡眠障碍。当确实存在此类并发症时，它们通常与生活质量下降、发病率增加相关，在某些情况下还与死亡率上升有关。神经系统疾病患者中主要睡眠障碍的患病率很高，但检测和治疗率却相当低。该人群中与睡眠相关的主要问题可分为六个方面：失眠、昼夜节律（睡眠 - 觉醒时间表）障碍、嗜睡症、睡眠相关呼吸障碍、睡眠中的运动障碍和异态睡眠。在这篇简短的综述中，我们考虑了这些方面各自的一般临床原则、诊断评估和管理指南，并确定了它们在神经精神疾病中的具体表现。
