Arciniegas D B, Topkoff J
Research Service, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4200 East Ninth Avenue, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2000 Oct;5(4):290-306. doi: 10.1053/scnp.2000.9554.
The ability to skillfully regulate the internal experience and outward expression of emotion is among the most complex and recently acquired functions of the human brain. When the capacity for emotional regulation is compromised by disease or injury the impact on individuals and their families may be considerable, both with regard to psychological well-being and social and occupational function. This article describes first a framework for the description, evaluation, and treatment of affective dysregulation. We review the literature regarding disorders of affective regulation, and in particular affective lability. Although disorders of affect as they occur in common neuropsychiatric disorders (eg, stroke, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and so on) are the focus of this article, the review incorporates information from the study of patients with primary psychiatric disorders and hence the discussion herein may also be relevant to the understanding and treatment of affective lability in these conditions. An overview of the neurobiology that appears most relevant to understanding such problems is presented, along with several specific methods that appear to be useful in the evaluation of patients with affective lability. Finally, we review the literature regarding the treatment of disorders of affect and offer some practical suggestions for the treatment of patients with these problems.
熟练调节情绪的内在体验和外在表现的能力，是人类大脑最复杂且最晚获得的功能之一。当情绪调节能力因疾病或损伤而受损时，对个体及其家庭在心理健康以及社会和职业功能方面的影响可能相当大。本文首先描述了一个用于描述、评估和治疗情感失调的框架。我们回顾了有关情感调节障碍，特别是情感不稳定的文献。虽然本文重点关注常见神经精神疾病（如中风、多发性硬化症、创伤性脑损伤等）中出现的情感障碍，但该综述纳入了来自原发性精神疾病患者研究的信息，因此本文的讨论可能也与理解和治疗这些情况下的情感不稳定相关。本文介绍了与理解此类问题最相关的神经生物学概述，以及几种似乎对评估情感不稳定患者有用的具体方法。最后，我们回顾了有关情感障碍治疗的文献，并为治疗有这些问题的患者提供了一些实用建议。
