Kinoshita Y, Hato F
Osaka Seikei Women's College, Japan.
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2001 Feb;47(1):103-17.
T-cell ontogenesis has been disclosed to depend on the interactions of thymus with endocrine glands and nervous system as follows: i/ Thymic deprivation not only impaired the immunological development but also brought about the dysgenesis of pituitary anterior lobe. Conversely, hypophysectomy resulted in thymus atrophy with the disturbed immune responses. ii/ Binding of pituitary acidophilic cell hormones to their receptors on thymus epithelial cells (TECs) augmented the release of thymic hormonal peptides (THPs) in vitro. iii/ Elevation of blood glucocorticoid level after stress caused atrophy of thymus cortex through double positive thymocyte apoptosis. Morpho-molecular alterations of cytoplasm preceded nuclear damage in the apoptotic thymocytes. iv/ Administration of thymosin to the streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice repressed mononuclear cell infiltration to the pancreatic islets. v/ Autonomic nerve fibers innervate thymic parenchyma. Binding of acetylcholines (Achs) to Ach receptors on TECs enhanced protein synthetic activity which seemed to connect with THP production. vi/ Thymectomy not only depressed the immune responses but also accelerated the reduction of leaming and memory ability with aging. The operation appears to disturb the brain adrenoceptor functions and to suppress the regulatory roles of hypothalamus to other nervous tissues. vii/ Several kinds of THPs, separated from the culture supernatant of TEC line by high performance liquid chromatography, showed a favorable effect on the thymocytes at different stage of differentiation and maturation. viii/ Thymosin, thymulin and THPs were capable of proliferating and differentiating thymocytes in vitro. However, the administration of each thymic product to the thymus-deprived animals could not restore from their "wasting disease". Since TECs are composed of a heterogeneous population, it would be one of essential ways for isolating "true thymus hormone" (TTH) to use the material which consists of functionally homogeneous subset of TECs. ix/ An additional grafting of pituitary gland to the thymus-grafted nude mice improved the disturbed T-cell ontogeny. Accordingly, the administration of "TTH" and pituitary acidophilic cell hormones might be more hopeful procedure for rescuing the thymus-deprived animals from "wasting disease".
已发现T细胞的发育依赖于胸腺与内分泌腺及神经系统的相互作用，具体如下：i/ 切除胸腺不仅会损害免疫发育，还会导致垂体前叶发育不全。相反，垂体切除会导致胸腺萎缩，免疫反应紊乱。ii/ 垂体嗜酸性细胞激素与其在胸腺上皮细胞（TEC）上的受体结合，可在体外增强胸腺激素肽（THP）的释放。iii/ 应激后血液中糖皮质激素水平升高，通过双阳性胸腺细胞凋亡导致胸腺皮质萎缩。凋亡胸腺细胞的细胞质形态分子改变先于核损伤。iv/ 给链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病小鼠注射胸腺素可抑制单核细胞向胰岛的浸润。v/ 自主神经纤维支配胸腺实质。乙酰胆碱（ACh）与TEC上的ACh受体结合可增强蛋白质合成活性，这似乎与THP的产生有关。vi/ 胸腺切除不仅会抑制免疫反应，还会加速衰老过程中学习和记忆能力的下降。该手术似乎会干扰脑肾上腺素能受体功能，并抑制下丘脑对其他神经组织的调节作用。vii/ 通过高效液相色谱从TEC系培养上清液中分离出的几种THP，对不同分化和成熟阶段的胸腺细胞显示出良好的作用。viii/ 胸腺素、胸腺生成素和THP能够在体外使胸腺细胞增殖和分化。然而，将每种胸腺产物给予胸腺切除的动物并不能使其从“消瘦病”中恢复。由于TEC由异质性群体组成，使用由功能同质的TEC亚群组成的材料来分离“真正的胸腺激素”（TTH）将是必不可少的方法之一。ix/ 给胸腺移植的裸鼠额外移植垂体可改善紊乱的T细胞发育。因此，给予“TTH”和垂体嗜酸性细胞激素可能是将胸腺切除的动物从“消瘦病”中拯救出来更有希望的方法。
