van Winkelhoff A J, Winkel E G, Vandenbroucke-Grauls C M
Academisch Centrum Tandheelkunde Amsterdam, afd. Orale Biologie, sectie Klinische Parodontale Microbiologie, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BR Amsterdam.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2001 Mar 24;145(12):557-63.
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the tooth supporting tissues which has a prevalence of 35% in the adult population. Risk factors are dental plaque, calculus, smoking, diabetes mellitus, stress and genetic traits. In parallel with chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases and stomach cancer, gene polymorphisms in the interleukin-I gene family are associated with severity of periodontitis. Periodontitis is usually painless. Symptoms of the disease are bleeding, redness and swelling of the gums, suppuration and migration of teeth. Halitosis may be present. Treatment of periodontitis involves supra- and subgingival mechanical debridement, oral hygiene instruction and surgical elimination of residual deepened and bleeding pockets on indication. Microbiological testing can be used to select patients who may benefit from additional systemic antimicrobial therapy. Periodontal lesions may act as a portal of entry for dissemination of periodontal bacteria into the blood stream, which may result in extraoral infections. For this reason it is recommended to include diagnosis of periodontitis in focal examination. Associations have been documented between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases, arthritis and premature low birth weight infants.
牙周炎是一种牙齿支持组织的慢性炎症性疾病，在成年人群中的患病率为35%。危险因素包括牙菌斑、牙结石、吸烟、糖尿病、压力和遗传特征。与慢性肠道炎症性疾病和胃癌一样，白细胞介素-I基因家族中的基因多态性与牙周炎的严重程度相关。牙周炎通常无痛。该疾病的症状包括牙龈出血、发红和肿胀、化脓以及牙齿移位。可能会出现口臭。牙周炎的治疗包括龈上和龈下机械清创、口腔卫生指导以及根据指征手术消除残留的加深和出血袋。微生物检测可用于选择可能从额外的全身抗菌治疗中获益的患者。牙周病变可能成为牙周细菌进入血流传播的入口，这可能导致口外感染。因此，建议在局部检查中纳入牙周炎的诊断。牙周炎与心血管疾病、关节炎和早产低体重儿之间的关联已有文献记载。
