Pickering M J, Frisson S
Human Communication Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2001 Mar;27(2):556-73. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.27.2.556.
In 2 eye-tracking experiments, participants read verbs that had 2 (unrelated) meanings or 2 (related) senses in contexts that disambiguated before or after the verb, to the dominant or subordinate interpretation. A 3rd experiment used unambiguous verbs. The results indicated that the language processor used information about context in the early stages of resolving meaning ambiguities but only during integration for sense ambiguities. Effects of preference were delayed for both types of verbs. The results contrast with findings concerning the processing of nouns (e.g., K. Rayner & S. A. Duffy, 1986). For meaning ambiguities, the authors argue that delays in resolution allow both meanings to reach a high level of activation, thus reducing effects of frequency. For sense ambiguities, the authors argue that the processor does not access multiple senses but activates one underspecified meaning and uses context to home in on the appropriate sense.
在两项眼动追踪实验中，参与者阅读在动词之前或之后消除歧义的语境中具有两种（不相关）含义或两种（相关）语义的动词，以确定其主要或次要解释。第三个实验使用了明确的动词。结果表明，语言处理器在解决意义歧义的早期阶段使用了语境信息，但仅在整合语义歧义时使用。对于这两种类型的动词，偏好效应都有所延迟。这些结果与关于名词处理的研究结果形成对比（例如，K. 雷纳和S. A. 达菲，1986）。对于意义歧义，作者认为解决歧义的延迟使两种含义都能达到较高的激活水平，从而降低了频率效应。对于语义歧义，作者认为处理器不会访问多种语义，而是激活一种未明确指定的含义，并利用语境来确定合适的语义。
