Rayner K, Frazier L
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1989 Sep;15(5):779-90. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.15.5.779.
Readers' eye movements were monitored as they read sentences containing lexically ambiguous words. The ambiguous words were either biased (one strongly dominant interpretation) or nonbiased. Readers' gaze durations were longer on nonbiased than biased words when the disambiguating information followed the target word. In Experiment 1, reading times on the disambiguating word did not differ whether the disambiguation followed the target word immediately or occurred several words later. In Experiment 2, prior disambiguation eliminated the long gaze durations on nonbiased target words but resulted in long gaze durations on biased target words if the context demanded the subordinate meaning. The results indicate that successful integration of one meaning with prior context terminates the search for alternative meanings of that word. This results in selective (single meaning) access when integration of a dominant meaning is fast (due to a biasing context) and identification of a subordinate meaning is slow (a strongly biased ambiguity with a low-frequency meaning).
在读者阅读包含词汇歧义的句子时，对他们的眼动进行了监测。这些歧义词要么是有偏向的（一种占主导地位的解释），要么是无偏向的。当消除歧义的信息在目标词之后出现时，读者对无偏向词的注视时间比对有偏向词的注视时间更长。在实验1中，无论消除歧义是紧跟在目标词之后还是在几个词之后出现，对消除歧义词的阅读时间都没有差异。在实验2中，预先消除歧义消除了对无偏向目标词的长时间注视，但如果上下文需要从属意义，则会导致对有偏向目标词的长时间注视。结果表明，一种意义与先前上下文的成功整合终止了对该词其他意义的搜索。这导致在占主导地位的意义整合迅速（由于有偏向的上下文）且从属意义识别缓慢（具有低频意义的强烈偏向歧义）时进行选择性（单一意义）访问。
