Berg J S, Powell B C, Cheney R E
Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, CB#7545, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
Mol Biol Cell. 2001 Apr;12(4):780-94. doi: 10.1091/mbc.12.4.780.
The past decade has seen a remarkable explosion in our knowledge of the size and diversity of the myosin superfamily. Since these actin-based motors are candidates to provide the molecular basis for many cellular movements, it is essential that motility researchers be aware of the complete set of myosins in a given organism. The availability of cDNA and/or draft genomic sequences from humans, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Arabidopsis thaliana, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and Dictyostelium discoideum has allowed us to tentatively define and compare the sets of myosin genes in these organisms. This analysis has also led to the identification of several putative myosin genes that may be of general interest. In humans, for example, we find a total of 40 known or predicted myosin genes including two new myosins-I, three new class II (conventional) myosins, a second member of the class III/ninaC myosins, a gene similar to the class XV deafness myosin, and a novel myosin sharing at most 33% identity with other members of the superfamily. These myosins are in addition to the recently discovered class XVI myosin with N-terminal ankyrin repeats and two human genes with similarity to the class XVIII PDZ-myosin from mouse. We briefly describe these newly recognized myosins and extend our previous phylogenetic analysis of the myosin superfamily to include a comparison of the complete or nearly complete inventories of myosin genes from several experimentally important organisms.
在过去十年中，我们对肌球蛋白超家族的规模和多样性的认识有了显著的飞跃。由于这些基于肌动蛋白的马达蛋白有可能为许多细胞运动提供分子基础，因此运动研究人员必须了解特定生物体中的全套肌球蛋白。来自人类、黑腹果蝇、秀丽隐杆线虫、拟南芥、酿酒酵母、粟酒裂殖酵母和盘基网柄菌的cDNA和/或基因组草图序列的可得性，使我们能够初步定义并比较这些生物体中的肌球蛋白基因集。这项分析还导致鉴定出了几个可能具有普遍意义的假定肌球蛋白基因。例如，在人类中，我们总共发现了40个已知或预测的肌球蛋白基因，包括两个新的肌球蛋白-I、三个新的II类（传统）肌球蛋白、III类/ninaC肌球蛋白的第二个成员、一个与XV类耳聋肌球蛋白相似的基因，以及一个与超家族其他成员的同一性至多为33%的新型肌球蛋白。除了最近发现的具有N端锚蛋白重复序列的XVI类肌球蛋白和两个与小鼠的XVIII类PDZ-肌球蛋白相似的人类基因之外，还有这些肌球蛋白。我们简要描述这些新识别出的肌球蛋白，并扩展我们之前对肌球蛋白超家族的系统发育分析，以包括对几种实验上重要的生物体的肌球蛋白基因的完整或近乎完整清单的比较。
