Fenech M, Ferguson L R
Mutat Res. 2001 Apr 18;475(1-2):1-6. doi: 10.1016/s0027-5107(01)00069-0.
Recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) of micronutrients have been traditionally derived as those levels necessary to prevent symptoms of deficiency diseases. There is increasing evidence that higher levels of many such micronutrients may be necessary for various DNA maintenance reactions, and that the current RDAs for some micronutrients may be inadequate to protect against genomic instability. Supplementation of a normal diet, with either vitamins and/or minerals or with isolated plant polyphenols, is becoming increasingly common in most Western populations. However, there is no clear agreement as to how much supplementation should occur, if at all, and genotypic differences are not accounted for. The 14 mini-reviews in this special issue summarise the role of specific micronutrients in various aspects of DNA maintenance: DNA synthesis, DNA repair, DNA methylation, gene mutation, chromosome breakage, chromosome segregation, gene expression, oxidative stress, necrosis and apoptosis. Evidence has been collated from mammalian and human experiments, both using in vitro cultures and in vivo approaches. Authors were asked to critically assess the strength of evidence as to whether the micronutrient can affect genomic stability in humans at realistic intake levels, and to estimate optimal dietary ranges where possible. Information on further research necessary is also documented. These reviews are an essential step towards a definition of RDAs designed to maintain genomic stability.
传统上，微量营养素的推荐膳食摄入量（RDAs）是根据预防营养缺乏病症状所需的水平来确定的。越来越多的证据表明，许多此类微量营养素的较高水平可能是各种DNA维持反应所必需的，而且目前某些微量营养素的RDAs可能不足以预防基因组不稳定。在大多数西方人群中，用维生素和/或矿物质或分离的植物多酚补充正常饮食正变得越来越普遍。然而，对于是否应该进行补充以及补充多少并没有明确的共识，而且也没有考虑到基因差异。本期特刊中的14篇小型综述总结了特定微量营养素在DNA维持各个方面的作用：DNA合成、DNA修复、DNA甲基化、基因突变、染色体断裂、染色体分离、基因表达、氧化应激、坏死和凋亡。证据来自哺乳动物和人类实验，包括体外培养和体内研究方法。要求作者严格评估关于微量营养素在实际摄入水平下是否能影响人类基因组稳定性的证据强度，并尽可能估计最佳饮食范围。还记录了关于进一步研究必要性的信息。这些综述是朝着定义旨在维持基因组稳定性的RDAs迈出的重要一步。
