Department of Clinical Pharmacy, UCSF School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Maturitas. 2010 Aug;66(4):370-80. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.06.003. Epub 2010 Jun 26.
The purpose of this review is to summarize the effectiveness of select vitamins, minerals and trace elements in postmenopausal women for their effects on bone health, cardiovascular health, breast cancer, cognition and vasomotor symptoms.
Review of the relevant literature and results from recent clinical studies, as well as critical analyses of published systematic reviews and meta-analyses were obtained from PubMed and Cochrane Library of Reviews. Vitamin A, the B vitamins, vitamin C, calcium, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, magnesium, selenium and zinc were selected for review. In circumstances where the vitamin, mineral or trace element has not been studied for a given condition, no information was provided.
All vitamins, minerals and trace elements play an important role in maintaining health and wellbeing among menopausal women. Adequate dietary intake is essential and supplementation should be considered in women with documented malabsorption syndromes or deficiencies. Based on a review of the literature, supplementation with vitamin C, D, K and calcium can also be recommended for proper maintenance of bone health. The only supplement studied for vasomotor symptoms was vitamin E and this vitamin lacked clinical support. Supplementation in healthy postmenopausal women with vitamins and minerals in diet or pill forms cannot be recommended currently for any other indications.
本综述旨在总结绝经后女性体内某些维生素、矿物质和微量元素对骨骼健康、心血管健康、乳腺癌、认知功能和血管舒缩症状的影响。
检索 PubMed 和 Cochrane Library of Reviews 中的相关文献，并结合近期临床研究结果，对已发表的系统评价和荟萃分析进行批判性分析。选择维生素 A、B 族维生素、维生素 C、钙、维生素 D、维生素 E、维生素 K、镁、硒和锌进行综述。对于某种营养素尚未针对特定病症进行研究的情况，本文未提供相关信息。
所有维生素、矿物质和微量元素在维持绝经后女性的健康和幸福感方面都发挥着重要作用。充足的饮食摄入至关重要，对于确有吸收不良综合征或缺乏症的女性，应考虑进行补充。基于文献综述，维生素 C、D、K 和钙的补充也可用于维持骨骼健康。唯一针对血管舒缩症状进行研究的补充剂是维生素 E，但该维生素缺乏临床支持。目前，不能推荐健康绝经后女性以饮食或药丸形式补充维生素和矿物质来治疗其他病症。
