Moritz S, Ruff C, Wilke U, Andresen B, Krausz M, Naber D
Universitäts-Krankenhaus Hamburg-Eppendorf, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.
Schizophr Res. 2001 Mar 30;48(2-3):291-9. doi: 10.1016/s0920-9964(00)00056-6.
Beech et al. [Br. J. Clin. Psychol. 28 (1989) 109--116] previously reported attenuated negative priming in schizophrenic patients that was interpreted as a sign of dysfunctional cognitive inhibition. However, subsequent research has provided mixed results. In the present study, it was investigated whether reduced negative priming in schizophrenics may be an experimental artifact. Based on evidence from backward masking studies in schizophrenia, it was hypothesized that brief prime presentation times and pattern masking as used by Beech et al. and others may have impaired the visual perception of the prime display in schizophrenics. 20 schizophrenic patients and 20 matched healthy controls participated in the study. Subjects completed four negative priming experiments varying in prime presentation time (100 or 250 ms) and masking (a mask or a blank screen followed prime presentation). In line with prediction, reduced negative priming in schizophrenics only occurred for trials with 100 ms prime presentation time followed by a mask. Neither psychopathology nor any sociodemographic variable correlated substantially with negative priming. Results strongly suggest that reduced negative priming in schizophrenics may not be due to reduced cognitive inhibition but mirrors perceptual deficits.
比奇等人[《英国临床心理学杂志》28 (1989) 109 - 116]先前报道精神分裂症患者的负启动效应减弱，这被解释为认知抑制功能失调的迹象。然而，后续研究结果不一。在本研究中，探讨了精神分裂症患者负启动效应降低是否可能是一种实验假象。基于精神分裂症反向掩蔽研究的证据，推测比奇等人及其他研究者所使用的短暂启动刺激呈现时间和模式掩蔽可能损害了精神分裂症患者对启动刺激显示的视觉感知。20名精神分裂症患者和20名匹配的健康对照参与了该研究。受试者完成了四项负启动效应实验，启动刺激呈现时间（100或250毫秒）和掩蔽方式（启动刺激呈现后为掩蔽或空白屏幕）各不相同。与预测一致，精神分裂症患者负启动效应降低仅出现在启动刺激呈现时间为100毫秒且随后为掩蔽的试验中。精神病理学和任何社会人口统计学变量均与负启动效应无显著相关性。结果强烈表明，精神分裂症患者负启动效应降低可能并非由于认知抑制降低，而是反映了感知缺陷。
