Petry N M
Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, 06030-1517, Farmington, CT, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2001 Jun 1;63(1):29-38. doi: 10.1016/s0376-8716(00)00188-5.
This study evaluated behavioral and self-report indices of impulsiveness in pathological gambling substance abusers (n=27), non-pathological gambling substance abusers (n=63), and non-pathological gambling/non-substance abusing controls (n=21). The Bechara card task measured preferences for decks of cards that ranged in magnitude and probability of delayed and immediate rewards and punishers. The Stanford Time Perception Inventory (STPI) assessed orientation to the future, the Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale evaluated sensation seeking, and the Eysenck and Barratt scales measured impulsivity. A Principal Components analysis revealed that these personality measures comprised three distinct measures of impulsivity: impulse control, novelty seeking and time orientation. Linear contrast analyses revealed that substance abuse and pathological gambling resulted in additive effects on the impulse control and time orientation factors, but not on the novelty-seeking scale. Performance on the card task did not correlate with any of the three factors derived from the personality scale scores, but the presence of both substance abuse and pathological gambling had an additive effect on preferences for decks containing greater immediate gains but resulting in large punishers and overall net losses. These results provide further evidence of an association among substance abuse, pathological gambling, and impulsivity.
本研究评估了病态赌博物质滥用者（n = 27）、非病态赌博物质滥用者（n = 63）以及非病态赌博/非物质滥用对照组（n = 21）冲动性的行为和自我报告指标。贝查拉纸牌任务测量了对不同纸牌组的偏好，这些纸牌组在延迟和即时奖励及惩罚的大小和概率方面存在差异。斯坦福时间知觉量表（STPI）评估对未来的取向，朱克曼感觉寻求量表评估感觉寻求，艾森克量表和巴拉特量表测量冲动性。主成分分析表明，这些人格测量包括冲动性的三个不同指标：冲动控制、寻求新奇和时间取向。线性对比分析表明，物质滥用和病态赌博对冲动控制和时间取向因素有累加效应，但对寻求新奇量表没有影响。纸牌任务的表现与从人格量表分数得出的三个因素中的任何一个均无关联，但物质滥用和病态赌博的同时存在对含有更大即时收益但会导致重大惩罚和总体净损失的纸牌组偏好有累加效应。这些结果进一步证明了物质滥用、病态赌博和冲动性之间存在关联。
