Lejoyeux M, Feuché N, Loi S, Solomon J, Adès J
Department of Psychiatry, Groupe Hospitalier Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
Psychiatry Res. 1998 Nov 16;81(2):149-55. doi: 10.1016/s0165-1781(98)00103-6.
Impulse-control disorders (ICD) include intermittent explosive disorder, kleptomania, trichotillomania, pyromania and pathological gambling. Several studies have suggested that the incidence of pathological gambling and impulsive violent behavior is substantially higher in alcohol-dependent patients than in the general population. The association between ICD and alcoholism, as well as personality characteristics such as sensation seeking and impulsivity, has never been systematically studied. The present study compared the levels of impulsivity and sensation seeking in age- and sex-matched groups of alcohol-dependent patients with concomitant ICD (ICD+, n = 30), alcohol-dependent patients without ICD (ICD-; n = 30) and control subjects (n = 30). All the alcohol-dependent patients (ICD+ and ICD-) were hospitalized for alcohol detoxification. Diagnoses of ICD were based on DSM-IV criteria and the Minnesota Impulsive Disorders Interview. All patients completed the Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking Scale (SSS) and the Barratt Impulsiveness Rating Scale (BIS). Mean scores on the SSS general factor, the SSS disinhibition subscale, and the SSS experience-seeking scale were significantly higher in ICD+ patients than in either ICD- patients or control subjects. By contrast, total scores and subscale scores on the BIS showed no significant differences among the three groups. Thus, it appears that measures of sensation seeking, rather than impulsivity, are relevant in distinguishing between alcohol-dependent patients with and without concomitant impulse control disorders.
冲动控制障碍（ICD）包括间歇性爆发障碍、盗窃癖、拔毛癖、纵火癖和病态赌博。多项研究表明，酒精依赖患者中病态赌博和冲动暴力行为的发生率显著高于普通人群。ICD与酒精中毒之间的关联，以及诸如寻求刺激和冲动性等人格特征，从未得到系统研究。本研究比较了年龄和性别匹配的伴有ICD的酒精依赖患者组（ICD+，n = 30）、不伴有ICD的酒精依赖患者组（ICD-；n = 30）和对照组（n = 30）的冲动性和寻求刺激水平。所有酒精依赖患者（ICD+和ICD-）均因酒精戒断而住院。ICD的诊断基于《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版标准和明尼苏达冲动障碍访谈。所有患者均完成了祖克曼寻求刺激量表（SSS）和巴拉特冲动性评定量表（BIS）。ICD+患者在SSS一般因子、SSS去抑制分量表和SSS体验寻求分量表上的平均得分显著高于ICD-患者或对照组。相比之下，BIS的总分和分量表得分在三组之间无显著差异。因此，似乎寻求刺激的测量指标，而非冲动性，在区分伴有和不伴有冲动控制障碍的酒精依赖患者方面具有相关性。
