Bauer L O
Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030-2103, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2001 Jun 1;63(1):87-95. doi: 10.1016/s0376-8716(00)00195-2.
The present study examined time estimation performance and concurrently-recorded electroencephalographic activity among 57 residential treatment program patients previously dependent on either cocaine or cocaine and alcohol. The patients were assigned to one of two subgroups based upon the presence (n=20) versus absence (n=37) of a comorbid diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD). Twenty-six subjects, who had no history of substance abuse and no diagnosis of APD, were also examined. All subjects performed a psychomotor task in which they were asked to press a response key exactly 2 s after the onset of a visual cue. Analyses revealed that cocaine-dependent patients with APD were often premature in their behavioral estimates of time passage. The analysis of a slow EEG potential, viz. the Contingent Negative Variation, recorded over the 2 s time estimation interval, also suggested premature response preparation in the cocaine-dependent, APD-positive group. Correlational analyses revealed that the number of conduct problems reported prior to age 15 was a better predictor of both premature responding and CNV amplitude than either severity of cocaine dependence, alcohol use, or anxious or depressed mood. The potential relevance of these findings for studies of future time orientation and delay discounting behavior are discussed.
本研究考察了57名曾对可卡因或可卡因与酒精有依赖的住院治疗项目患者的时间估计表现以及同时记录的脑电图活动。根据是否存在反社会人格障碍（APD）共病诊断，将患者分为两个亚组之一，存在APD共病诊断的为一组（n = 20），不存在的为另一组（n = 37）。还对26名无药物滥用史且无APD诊断的受试者进行了检查。所有受试者都执行了一项心理运动任务，要求他们在视觉提示出现后恰好2秒按下反应键。分析显示，患有APD的可卡因依赖患者在对时间流逝的行为估计上往往过早。对在2秒时间估计间隔内记录的一种缓慢脑电图电位，即关联性负变的分析，也表明在患有APD的可卡因依赖组中存在反应准备过早的情况。相关分析显示，15岁之前报告的行为问题数量比可卡因依赖的严重程度、饮酒情况或焦虑或抑郁情绪更能预测过早反应和关联性负变的幅度。讨论了这些发现对未来时间取向和延迟折扣行为研究的潜在相关性。
