Lee S P, Paik K S, Kim M K
Department of Oral Anatomy, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
J Oral Rehabil. 2001 Feb;28(2):125-32. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00741.x.
The placement of dental implants in the molar region of the maxilla is often difficult because of insufficient bone volume and the inferior bone quality. In order to avoid these limitations, the pillar of bone, which is composed of the maxillary tuberosity, the pyramidal process of the palatine bone and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, was introduced for implant placement. In fact, the pyramidal process is the posterior structure where implants are placed but until now, there is no available data of the size or shape of the pyramidal process. Therefore, we measured the height, anteroposterior distance and mediolateral distance of the pyramidal process and observed the shape of lateral and posterior surfaces of the pyramidal process of 54 Korean edentulous dry skulls in this study. The height was 13.1 mm (male: 13.6 mm, female: 12.4 mm). The anteroposterior distance was 6.5 mm (male: 6.7 mm, female: 6.1 mm). The mediolateral distance was 9.5 mm (male: 9.9 mm, female: 9.0 mm). The most common type was the right-angled triangle in the lateral surface (44.4%) and in the posterior surface (66.7%). There was no statistical significance between the male and the female in all items (P > 0.05). These results provide anatomical features in relation to placement of dental implants in the molar region of the maxilla and would be useful in treatment planning of partially or completely edentulous patients.
由于上颌磨牙区骨量不足和骨质较差，在上颌磨牙区植入牙种植体往往很困难。为了避免这些限制，人们引入了由上颌结节、腭骨锥突和蝶骨翼突组成的骨支柱来进行种植体植入。实际上，锥突是植入种植体的后部结构，但到目前为止，尚无关于锥突大小或形状的可用数据。因此，在本研究中，我们测量了54个韩国无牙干颅骨锥突的高度、前后距离和内外侧距离，并观察了锥突外侧和后侧表面的形状。高度为13.1毫米（男性：13.6毫米，女性：12.4毫米）。前后距离为6.5毫米（男性：6.7毫米，女性：6.1毫米）。内外侧距离为9.5毫米（男性：9.9毫米，女性：9.0毫米）。最常见的类型是外侧表面（44.4%）和后侧表面（66.7%）为直角三角形。所有项目中男性和女性之间均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。这些结果提供了与上颌磨牙区牙种植体植入相关的解剖学特征，对部分或完全无牙患者的治疗计划具有指导意义。
