Pomerleau J, McKee M, Robertson A, Kadziauskiene K, Abaravicius A, Bartkeviciute R, Vaask S, Pudule I, Grinberga D
1European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 50 Bedford Square, London WC1B 3DP, UK.
Public Health Nutr. 2001 Apr;4(2):217-25. doi: 10.1079/phn200056.
As beliefs and knowledge about the possible effects of foods on health can influence food behaviours, this study examined selected dietary beliefs in the Baltic countries and the association of beliefs related to salt intake and to types of fat with food behaviours.
A cross-sectional study.
Data from three surveys conducted in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in the summer of 1997 were used to describe the prevalence of dietary beliefs in these countries and to investigate the association between beliefs and behaviours (using logistic regression).
Representative national samples of adults were selected in each country (Estonia, n = 2018; Latvia, n = 2308; Lithuania, n = 2153).
Misunderstood concepts (myths) related to dietary salt, types of fat, meat consumption and bread and potatoes were observed in high proportions of the population. Education level was an important correlate of beliefs related to salt intake and types of fat, people with a higher education level being more likely to be familiar with these issues. Correct beliefs were not consistently associated with healthier behaviours (e.g. less frequent use of salt at the table and use of non-animal fats for cooking), except for salt intake in Estonia.
Several misunderstood dietary concepts (myths) are still prevalent in the Baltic countries. Correct beliefs related to salt intake and types of fat were not consistent predictors of healthier food behaviours. In-depth qualitative investigations are needed to better describe and understand dietary beliefs and attitudes in the Baltic countries, and to identify barriers to the adoption of healthy food habits.
由于对食物可能对健康产生的影响的信念和知识会影响饮食行为，本研究调查了波罗的海国家的某些饮食信念，以及与盐摄入量和脂肪类型相关的信念与饮食行为之间的关联。
一项横断面研究。
利用1997年夏季在爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚和立陶宛进行的三项调查数据，描述这些国家饮食信念的流行情况，并调查信念与行为之间的关联（采用逻辑回归分析）。
在每个国家选取具有代表性的成年国民样本（爱沙尼亚，n = 2018；拉脱维亚，n = 2308；立陶宛，n = 2153）。
在很大比例的人群中观察到与饮食盐、脂肪类型、肉类消费以及面包和土豆相关的误解概念（误区）。教育水平是与盐摄入量和脂肪类型相关信念的重要关联因素，教育水平较高的人更有可能熟悉这些问题。除了爱沙尼亚的盐摄入量外，正确的信念与更健康的行为（例如较少在餐桌上使用盐以及使用非动物脂肪烹饪）并非始终相关。
在波罗的海国家，一些误解的饮食概念（误区）仍然普遍存在。与盐摄入量和脂肪类型相关的正确信念并非健康饮食行为的一致预测因素。需要进行深入的定性调查，以更好地描述和理解波罗的海国家的饮食信念和态度，并确定采用健康饮食习惯的障碍。
