Jurmain R
Department of Anthropology, San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192-0113, USA.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2001 May;115(1):13-23. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1052.
Skeletal trauma was investigated in a large collection of human remains from central California (N = 162 aged and sexed adults). Lesions investigated included cranial and long bone fractures, projectile wounds, and dislocation. Long bone fractures were found in 10.5% of individuals; overall, incidence by element was 2.3%. In addition, cranial injuries were found in 4.4% of complete adult crania. Projectile wounds were seen unambiguously in four individuals (with embedded obsidian fragments) and strongly suggested in two other individuals with partially healed lesions. Finally, one case of traumatic hip dislocation was also observed. In both incidence and patterning of injuries, this population is similar to other archeological groups from California. This evidence further supports earlier reports indicating that interpersonal aggression was quite common in prehistoric California.
对加利福尼亚中部大量人类遗骸（162名已确定年龄和性别的成年人）进行了骨骼创伤研究。研究的损伤包括颅骨和长骨骨折、投射物致伤以及脱位。10.5%的个体存在长骨骨折；总体而言，按骨骼部位计算的发生率为2.3%。此外，在4.4%的完整成人颅骨中发现了颅脑损伤。在4名个体中明确发现了投射物致伤（有嵌入的黑曜石碎片），另外2名个体有部分愈合的损伤，强烈提示为投射物致伤。最后，还观察到1例创伤性髋关节脱位病例。在损伤的发生率和模式方面，该人群与加利福尼亚的其他考古群体相似。这一证据进一步支持了早期报告，表明人际攻击行为在史前加利福尼亚相当普遍。
