Ferrara G, Loffredo E, Senesi N
Dipartimento di Biologia e Chimica Agroforestale ed Ambientale, University of Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
J Agric Food Chem. 2001 Mar;49(3):1652-7. doi: 10.1021/jf0011438.
One humic acid (HA) and two fulvic acids (FAs) of aquatic origin have been tested for their capacity to inhibit clastogenic events caused by maleic hydrazide (MH) in germinating seeds of the herbaceous plant species Allium cepa and Vicia faba. Either HA or FA at concentrations of 50 and 500 mg L(-)(1) was interacted with 10 mg L(-)(1) MH for 24 h before addition to the seeds. The evaluation of genotoxic activity was made by counting micronuclei (MN) and aberrant anatelophases (AT) in root tip cells after treatment with HA or FA alone, MH alone, and interacted HA + MH and FA + MH. Regular AT were also counted as an index of mitotic activity. In all cases HA and FA interacted with MH showed an evident anticlastogenic action indicated by the marked reduction of genetic anomalies. In A. cepa, the anticlastogenic effect of HA and FA was more significant for aberrant AT than for MN, whereas the opposite was true in the case of V. faba. The protective effect exhibited for both anomalies by HA was slightly higher than that of the corresponding FA in A. cepa, whereas no significant differences between these HA and FA treatments were observed in the case of V. faba. The two FAs generally showed similar anticlastogenic behaviors with slight quantitative differences observed as a function of the type of anomaly and the plant species. The effects of HA and FA concentration differed depending on the type of anomaly observed, the plant species, and FA origin. In V. faba, cell division, that is, the number of regular AT, was generally depressed by HA and FA at either concentration with respect to the control. In A. cepa, HA and FA produced either stimulating or inhibiting effects on regular AT depending on their nature, origin, and concentration.
对一种水生来源的腐殖酸（HA）和两种富里酸（FAs）抑制马来酰肼（MH）在草本植物洋葱和蚕豆发芽种子中引起的致断裂事件的能力进行了测试。在添加到种子之前，将浓度为50和500 mg L⁻¹的HA或FA与10 mg L⁻¹的MH相互作用24小时。通过单独用HA或FA、单独用MH以及相互作用的HA + MH和FA + MH处理后，对根尖细胞中的微核（MN）和异常后期（AT）进行计数来评估遗传毒性活性。正常的AT也被计数作为有丝分裂活性的指标。在所有情况下，与MH相互作用的HA和FA均表现出明显的抗致断裂作用，表现为遗传异常显著减少。在洋葱中，HA和FA对异常AT的抗致断裂作用比对MN更显著，而在蚕豆中情况则相反。在洋葱中，HA对两种异常表现出的保护作用略高于相应的FA，而在蚕豆中，未观察到这些HA和FA处理之间的显著差异。这两种FAs通常表现出相似的抗致断裂行为，只是根据异常类型和植物种类观察到略有数量差异。HA和FA浓度的影响因观察到的异常类型、植物种类和FA来源而异。在蚕豆中，相对于对照，HA和FA在任一浓度下通常都会抑制细胞分裂，即正常AT的数量。在洋葱中，HA和FA根据其性质、来源和浓度对正常AT产生刺激或抑制作用。
