Syme G J, Kals E, Nancarrow B E, Montada L
CSIRO, Australian Research Centre for Water in Society, Wembley, WA.
Risk Anal. 2000 Dec;20(6):905-16. doi: 10.1111/0272-4332.206083.
Intergenerational justice is implicit in international commitments to sustainability. If ecological, economic, and social components of sustainability are to be achieved, there is a necessity for intergenerational justice considerations to be included in decision making. The present generation's risk judgments should include consideration of the possible outcomes for their children. But intergenerational issues cannot be considered in isolation from other current risk and fairness concerns. This article reports on a community-based integrative model that describes justice and other attitudes and motivations that determine community and individual proenvironmental behavior in two nations: Germany and Australia. This model can account for a considerable amount of the variance in political compliance as well as various proenvironmental behaviors. Group or individual self-interests have nearly no effects on global protective behavior. It is shown that universal as well as contextual principles, including distributive (within or between generations), procedural, and interactive justice, play a crucial role in fairness judgments. Other principles are also taken into account, such as efficiency, environmental rights, and rights to economic welfare. The results are discussed in relation to the importance of complex community fairness judgments in predicting and evaluating acceptance of political decisions, and for promoting proenvironmental behavior.
代际公平蕴含在国际社会对可持续发展的承诺之中。若要实现可持续发展的生态、经济和社会要素，在决策过程中纳入代际公平考量就很有必要。当代人的风险判断应包括对其子女可能产生的结果的考量。但代际问题不能脱离当前其他风险和公平问题单独进行考虑。本文报告了一个基于社区的综合模型，该模型描述了在德国和澳大利亚这两个国家中决定社区和个人环保行为的公平及其他态度与动机。该模型能够解释政治合规以及各种环保行为中相当一部分的差异情况。群体或个人的自身利益对全球保护行为几乎没有影响。研究表明，包括分配性（代内或代际）、程序性和互动性公平在内的普遍原则以及情境原则，在公平判断中起着至关重要的作用。其他原则也会被纳入考量，如效率、环境权和经济福利权。文章结合复杂的社区公平判断在预测和评估对政治决策的接受度以及促进环保行为方面的重要性，对研究结果进行了讨论。
