Lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity in type 2 diabetes. Effects on development and progression.

Excess fat, excess glucose, or both act on diverse cells and tissues to counteract insulin-mediated glucose uptake, hepatic regulation of glucose output, and insulin secretion. These effects are labeled lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity because, when severe enough, each may contribute to the diabetic state. Lifestyle modifications and certain new pharmacologic agents may be effective in modulating these effects and could prove useful in primary prevention of type 2 diabetes.