Wigton R S, McGaghie W C
University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, 984285 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4285, USA.
J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Apr;16(4):262-5. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016004262.x.
Because widely held stereotypes characterize obese people as less intelligent, unhappy, lacking in self control and more prone to psychological problems, we tested whether obese appearance alone would affect medical students' decisions about the diagnosis and management of simulated patients. We videotaped 4 patient simulators presenting each of 4 cases in 2 states: normal and obese (by using padding and bulky clothing). Seventy-two clinical students at 2 medical schools viewed the cases and answered questions about diagnostic tests and management. We found the expected biases toward patients when in their obese form as well as pessimism about patient compliance and success of therapy, but there were no significant differences in tests or treatments ordered except where appropriate for an obese patient (e.g., weight reduction diet). Thus, the appearance of obesity alone biased the students' impressions of the patients, but did not affect diagnostic test ordering.
由于普遍存在的刻板印象将肥胖者描绘为不太聪明、不快乐、缺乏自控力且更容易出现心理问题，我们测试了仅肥胖外表是否会影响医学生对模拟患者的诊断和管理决策。我们录制了4名患者模拟器，在两种状态下呈现4个病例：正常和肥胖（通过使用填充物和肥大的衣服）。两所医学院的72名临床学生观看了这些病例，并回答了有关诊断测试和管理的问题。我们发现，当患者处于肥胖状态时，学生们对他们存在预期的偏见，以及对患者依从性和治疗成功的悲观态度，但除了适合肥胖患者的情况（如减肥饮食）外，所开的检查或治疗没有显著差异。因此，仅肥胖外表就使学生对患者的印象产生了偏差，但并未影响诊断检查的开具。
