Ding Y, Yao B, Lai Q, McAllister J P
Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Lande Medical Research Building, Room 48550, W. Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
Neurol Res. 2001 Mar-Apr;23(2-3):193-202. doi: 10.1179/016164101101198334.
Cognitive-motor functioning or motor skill learning is impaired in humans following traumatic brain injury. A more complete understanding of the mechanisms involved in disorders of motor skill learning is essential for any effective rehabilitation. The specific goals of this study were to examine motor learning disorders, and their relationship to pathological changes in adult rats with mild to moderate closed head injury. Motor learning deficits were determined by comparing the ability to complete a series of complex motor learning tasks with simple motor activity. The extent of neuronal damage was determined using silver impregnation. At all post-injury time points (day 1 to day 14), statistically significant deficits were observed in parallel bar traversing, foot placing, ladder climbing, and rope climbing. Performance improved with time, but never reached control levels. In contrast, no deficits were found in simple motor activity skills tested with beam balance and runway traverse. Histologically, axonal degeneration was widely distributed in several brain areas that relate to motor learning, including the white matter of sensorimotor cortex, corpus callosum, striatum, thalamus and cerebellum. Additionally, severely damaged axons were observed in the primary visual pathway, including the optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral geniculate nuclei, and superior colliculus. These findings suggest that motor learning deficits could be detected in mild or moderate brain injury, and this deficit could be attributed to a diffuse axonal injury distributed both in the motor and the visual systems.
创伤性脑损伤后，人类的认知运动功能或运动技能学习会受到损害。对于任何有效的康复治疗而言，更全面地了解运动技能学习障碍所涉及的机制至关重要。本研究的具体目标是检查成年大鼠轻度至中度闭合性颅脑损伤后的运动学习障碍及其与病理变化的关系。通过比较完成一系列复杂运动学习任务的能力与简单运动活动的能力来确定运动学习缺陷。使用银浸染法确定神经元损伤的程度。在所有损伤后的时间点（第1天至第14天），在双杠行走、足部放置、爬梯和爬绳方面均观察到具有统计学意义的缺陷。随着时间的推移，表现有所改善，但从未达到对照组水平。相比之下，在通过平衡木和跑道穿越测试的简单运动活动技能中未发现缺陷。组织学上，轴突退变广泛分布于与运动学习相关的几个脑区，包括感觉运动皮层的白质、胼胝体、纹状体、丘脑和小脑。此外，在主要视觉通路中观察到严重受损的轴突，包括视交叉、视束、外侧膝状体核和上丘。这些发现表明，在轻度或中度脑损伤中可检测到运动学习缺陷，且这种缺陷可能归因于运动系统和视觉系统中均存在的弥漫性轴突损伤。
