Wilder D A, Fisher W W, Anders B M, Cercone J J, Neidert P L
Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Res Dev Disabil. 2001 Mar-Apr;22(2):117-24. doi: 10.1016/s0891-4222(01)00061-0.
In order to examine the mechanism(s) responsible for response reductions from noncontingent reinforcement (NCR), multiple magnitudes and densities of NCR were superimposed on a variable ratio (VR) 3 schedule of contingent reinforcement for the performance of an arbitrary manual response. Data were collected on responding that occurred during access to the reinforcer separately from responding that occurred between reinforcer access intervals (i.e.. when the participant did not have access to the reinforcer). Higher magnitudes and denser schedules of NCR produced greater reductions in responding than did lower magnitudes and leaner schedules. Within-session response patterns suggested that decrements in responding were primarily a function of the increased amount of reinforcer access time associated with higher magnitudes and denser schedules of NCR. That is, it appeared that the participant consumed reinforcers (regardless of whether they were delivered contingently or noncontingently) when they were available and responded for contingent reinforcers primarily when reinforcers were absent.
为了检验非条件强化（NCR）导致反应减少的机制，将多种量级和密度的NCR叠加在可变比率（VR）3的条件强化时间表上，以执行任意手动反应。收集了在获得强化物期间发生的反应数据，这些数据与在强化物获取间隔之间发生的反应（即参与者无法获得强化物时）分开。与较低量级和较稀疏时间表相比，较高量级和较密集的NCR时间表导致反应减少的幅度更大。会话内反应模式表明，反应的减少主要是与较高量级和较密集的NCR时间表相关的强化物获取时间增加的函数。也就是说，似乎参与者在有强化物时就消耗它们（无论它们是条件性给予还是非条件性给予），而主要在没有强化物时才对条件性强化物做出反应。
