Carr J E, Bailey J S, Ecott C L, Lucker K D, Weil T M
Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno 89557-0062, USA.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1998 Fall;31(3):313-21. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1998.31-313.
We conducted a parametric analysis of response suppression associated with different magnitudes of noncontingent reinforcement (NCR). Participants were 5 adults with severe or profound mental retardation who engaged in a manual response that was reinforced on variable-ratio schedules during baseline. Participants were then exposed to NCR via multielement and reversal designs. The fixed-time schedules were kept constant while the magnitude of the reinforcing stimulus was varied across three levels (low, medium, and high). Results showed that high-magnitude NCR schedules produced large and consistent reductions in response rates, medium-magnitude schedules produced less consistent and smaller reductions, and low-magnitude schedules produced little or no effect on responding. These results suggest that (a) NCR affects responding by altering an establishing operation (i.e., attenuating a deprivation state) rather than through extinction, and (b) magnitude of reinforcement is an important variable in determining the effectiveness of NCR.
我们对与不同强度的非连续性强化（NCR）相关的反应抑制进行了参数分析。研究对象为5名重度或极重度智力障碍成年人，他们在基线期通过可变比率强化程序对手动反应进行强化。然后，通过多元素和反转设计让参与者接触NCR。固定时间程序保持不变，而强化刺激的强度在三个水平（低、中、高）上变化。结果显示，高强度NCR程序使反应率大幅且持续降低，中等强度程序导致的反应率降低不太一致且幅度较小，低强度程序对反应几乎没有影响或没有影响。这些结果表明：（a）NCR通过改变建立操作（即减轻剥夺状态）而非消退来影响反应；（b）强化强度是决定NCR有效性的一个重要变量。
