Sinaki M, Nwaogwugwu N C, Phillips B E, Mokri M P
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2001 May;80(5):330-8. doi: 10.1097/00002060-200105000-00002.
To assess age and gender differences in muscle strength.
The strength of back extensors, upper limbs (grip), and lower limbs (knee extensors) was measured. Anthropometric measurements and body mass index also were assessed.
Group comparisons were made for each decade. Back extensor strength (BES) in subjects aged 20 to 89 yr ranged from 93 to 832 N in men and from 71 to 440 N in women. BES peaked in the fourth decade for men and in the fifth decade for women. When the two genders were compared, muscle strength in women was less than that in men at all ages. At different decades, women's BES ranged from 54% to 76% compared with that of men's BES. There was a 64% loss of BES in men from the peak in their fourth decade (556 N) to the lowest level in their ninth decade (201 N). Women experienced a 50.4% loss from the peak in their fifth decade (306 N) to the lowest level in their ninth decade (152 N).
Men had a greater loss of BES than women with increasing age. In both genders, there was more loss of BES than appendicular muscle strength. Reduction in BES in women coincided with increased body mass index in older age. In women, there was a negative correlation between body weight and level of physical activity, whereas this finding was not evident in men. Background factors related to a higher incidence of back pain, falls, and fractures, especially in women, may be a reduction in muscle strength, along with increasing age and body mass index. This cross-sectional study showed that physiologic reduction of muscle strength, which began early in life, later stopped and that muscle strength even improved, despite the aging process. Therefore, initiating strengthening exercises at any age is encouraged to prevent the impact of several age-related musculoskeletal challenges.
评估肌肉力量的年龄和性别差异。
测量了背部伸肌、上肢（握力）和下肢（膝伸肌）的力量。还评估了人体测量指标和体重指数。
对每个十年的人群进行了组间比较。20至89岁受试者的背部伸肌力量（BES），男性范围为93至832牛，女性为71至440牛。男性的BES在第四个十年达到峰值，女性在第五个十年达到峰值。当比较两种性别时，各年龄段女性的肌肉力量均低于男性。在不同十年中，女性的BES与男性相比，范围为54%至76%。男性的BES从第四个十年的峰值（556牛）到第九个十年的最低水平（201牛）下降了64%。女性从第五个十年的峰值（306牛）到第九个十年的最低水平（152牛）下降了50.4%。
随着年龄增长，男性背部伸肌力量的损失比女性更大。在两种性别中，背部伸肌力量的损失都比附属肌肉力量的损失更大。老年女性背部伸肌力量的下降与体重指数增加同时出现。在女性中，体重与身体活动水平之间存在负相关，而在男性中这一发现并不明显。与背痛、跌倒和骨折发生率较高相关的背景因素，尤其是在女性中，可能是肌肉力量下降，以及年龄和体重指数增加。这项横断面研究表明，肌肉力量的生理性下降在生命早期开始，随后停止，并且尽管存在衰老过程，肌肉力量甚至有所改善。因此，鼓励在任何年龄开始进行强化锻炼，以预防与年龄相关的几种肌肉骨骼问题的影响。
