Pringle H L, Irwin D E, Kramer A F, Atchley P
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2001 Mar;8(1):89-95. doi: 10.3758/bf03196143.
Previous research has shown that changes to scenes are often surprisingly hard to detect. The research reported here investigated the relationship between individual differences in attention and change detection. We did this by assessing participants' breadth of attention in a functional field of view task (FFOV) and relating this measure to the speed with which individuals detected changes in scenes. We also examined how the salience, meaningfulness, and eccentricity of the scene changes affected perceptual change performance. In order to broaden the range of individual differences in attentional breadth, both young and old adults participated in the study. A strong negative relationship was obtained between attentional breadth and the latency with which perceptual changes were detected; observers with broader attentional windows detected changes faster. Salience and eccentricity had large effects on change detection, but meaning aided the performance of young adults only and only when changes also had low salience.
先前的研究表明，场景的变化往往令人惊讶地难以察觉。此处报道的研究调查了注意力的个体差异与变化检测之间的关系。我们通过在功能性视野任务（FFOV）中评估参与者的注意力广度，并将该测量结果与个体检测场景变化的速度相关联来做到这一点。我们还研究了场景变化的显著性、意义性和偏心率如何影响感知变化表现。为了扩大注意力广度方面个体差异的范围，年轻人和老年人都参与了这项研究。在注意力广度与检测感知变化的潜伏期之间获得了强烈的负相关关系；注意力窗口更宽的观察者检测变化的速度更快。显著性和偏心率对变化检测有很大影响，但意义仅对年轻人的表现有帮助，而且只有在变化的显著性也较低时才起作用。
