Humphrey D G, Kramer A F
Department of Psychology, Wichita State University, USA.
Psychol Aging. 1997 Dec;12(4):704-17. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.12.4.704.
The authors examined the ability of younger and older adults to search for targets defined by single features (feature search), conjunctions of 2 features (conjunction search), and conjunctions of 3 features (triple-conjunction search). Feature search was relatively age-invariant, with both older and younger adults displaying shallow search slopes. However, older adults did show reduced search rates for many conjunction targets. Interestingly, both older and younger adults benefited equivalently when an extra feature was available to define the conjunction target. That is, the relative amount of improvement in search performance was similar for younger and older adults when the triple-conjunction search was compared to the conjunction search. These results are discussed in terms of age-related differences in the effectiveness of bottom-up and top-down mechanisms that support visual search.
作者研究了年轻人和老年人搜索由单一特征定义的目标（特征搜索）、两个特征的组合（联合搜索）以及三个特征的组合（三联联合搜索）的能力。特征搜索相对不受年龄影响，年轻人和老年人的搜索斜率都较浅。然而，老年人在许多联合目标上的搜索率确实有所降低。有趣的是，当有额外的特征可用于定义联合目标时，年轻人和老年人受益程度相当。也就是说，当将三联联合搜索与联合搜索进行比较时，年轻人和老年人在搜索性能上的相对改善量是相似的。本文根据支持视觉搜索的自下而上和自上而下机制有效性方面与年龄相关的差异对这些结果进行了讨论。
