禁止向注射吸毒者非处方销售注射器的法律：与人口密度、艾滋病毒流行率和艾滋病毒发病率的关系。
Laws prohibiting over-the-counter syringe sales to injection drug users: relations to population density, HIV prevalence, and HIV incidence.
作者信息
Friedman S R, Perlis T, Des Jarlais D C
机构信息
National Development and Research Institutes, Inc, Two World Trade Center, 16th Fl, New York, NY 10048, USA.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 2001 May;91(5):791-3. doi: 10.2105/ajph.91.5.791.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study sought to assess relations of laws prohibiting over-the-counter syringe sales (anti-OTC laws) to population prevalence of injection drug users and HIV prevalence or incidence among 96 US metropolitan areas.
METHODS
A cross-sectional analysis was used.
RESULTS
Metropolitan areas with anti-OTC laws had a higher mean HIV prevalence (13.8% vs 6.7%) than other metropolitan areas (pseudo-P < .001). In 83 metropolitan areas with HIV prevalence of less than 20%, anti-OTC laws were associated with HIV incidence rates of 1% or greater (pseudo-P < .001). Population proportions of injection drug users did not vary by presence of anti-OTC laws.
CONCLUSIONS
Anti-OTC laws are not associated with lower population proportions of injection drug users. Laws restricting syringe access are associated with HIV transmission and should be repealed.
摘要
目的
本研究旨在评估禁止非处方销售注射器的法律（反非处方销售法律）与美国96个大都市地区注射吸毒者的人口患病率以及艾滋病毒患病率或发病率之间的关系。
方法
采用横断面分析。
结果
实施反非处方销售法律的大都市地区的艾滋病毒平均患病率（13.8%对6.7%）高于其他大都市地区（伪P<0.001）。在艾滋病毒患病率低于20%的83个大都市地区，反非处方销售法律与1%或更高的艾滋病毒发病率相关（伪P<0.001）。注射吸毒者的人口比例不因反非处方销售法律的存在而有所不同。
结论
反非处方销售法律与注射吸毒者较低的人口比例无关。限制注射器获取的法律与艾滋病毒传播有关，应予以废除。
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