Navajas M, Fenton B
CBGP-INRA, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France.
Exp Appl Acarol. 2000;24(10-11):751-74. doi: 10.1023/a:1006497906793.
The application of molecular markers to the study of ticks and mites has recently yielded new insights into their population structures and taxonomic relationships. Ticks have been studied at individual, population and species level. Mites are a more diverse group and those that have been studied to the same degree as the ticks include the Tetranychidae (spider mites), Phytoseiidae (predatory mites) and the Eriophyidae. Population variation has also been studied in the important bee parasitic mite Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans. The methods used to study these organisms have much in common. At the individual level these range from general approaches, such as AFLP, RAPD or DALP, to highly specific microsatellite analysis. Although these markers also work at the population and species level, additional analysis of specific nuclear or mitochondrial genes has been conducted either by RFLP or sequencing. Molecular applications have had particular success in facilitating the identification of taxonomically difficult species, understanding population structures and elucidating phylogenetic relationships.
分子标记在蜱螨研究中的应用最近为它们的种群结构和分类关系带来了新的见解。蜱已在个体、种群和物种水平上得到研究。螨类是一个更为多样化的类群，与蜱类研究程度相同的螨类包括叶螨科（叶螨）、植绥螨科（捕食螨）和瘿螨科。重要的蜜蜂寄生螨雅氏瓦螨（Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans）的种群变异也已得到研究。用于研究这些生物的方法有很多共同之处。在个体水平上，这些方法从一般方法，如扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）、随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）或差异扩增片段长度多态性（DALP），到高度特异性的微卫星分析。尽管这些标记在种群和物种水平上也有效，但通过限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）或测序对特定的核基因或线粒体基因进行了额外分析。分子应用在促进分类困难物种的鉴定、理解种群结构和阐明系统发育关系方面取得了特别的成功。
