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洋葱的各种烹饪方法及黄酮类化合物含量。

Various cooking methods and the flavonoid content in onion.

作者信息

Ioku K, Aoyama Y, Tokuno A, Terao J, Nakatani N, Takei Y

机构信息

Faculty of Education, Osaka Kyoiku University, Kashiwara, Japan.

出版信息

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2001 Feb;47(1):78-83. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.47.78.

Abstract

Onion is a major source of flavonoids and is cooked in various ways in the world. The major flavonoids in onion are two quercetin glycosides, quercetin 4'-O-beta-glucoside (Q4'G) and quercetin 3,4'-O-beta-diglucosides (Q3,4'G), which are recognized as bioactive substances that are good for our health. We have investigated the effect of cooking procedures on the content of antioxidants. We selected quercetin conjugates, total phenol compounds, and ascorbic acid to estimate the amount of flavonoid ingestion from onion. We examined the following cooking methods: boiling, frying with oil and butter, and microwave cooking. Various cooking methods do not consider the degradation of quercetin conjugates when cooking onion. Microwave cooking without water better retains flavonoids and ascorbic acid. Frying does not affect flavonoid intake. The boiling of onion leads to about 30% loss of quercetin glycosides, which transfers to the boiling water. At that time, the effect of additives on the quercetin conjugates is different according to the compounds. The hydrolysis of quercetin glycosides for daily cooking might occur with the addition of seasonings such as glutamic acid. Additional ferrous ions accelerated the loss of flavonoids.

摘要

洋葱是黄酮类化合物的主要来源,在世界各地有多种烹饪方式。洋葱中的主要黄酮类化合物是两种槲皮素糖苷,即槲皮素4'-O-β-葡萄糖苷(Q4'G)和槲皮素3,4'-O-β-二葡萄糖苷(Q3,4'G),它们被认为是对我们健康有益的生物活性物质。我们研究了烹饪方法对抗氧化剂含量的影响。我们选择槲皮素共轭物、总酚化合物和抗坏血酸来估计从洋葱中摄入的黄酮类化合物的量。我们研究了以下烹饪方法:水煮、用食用油和黄油煎炸以及微波烹饪。各种烹饪方法在烹饪洋葱时都没有考虑槲皮素共轭物的降解情况。无水微波烹饪能更好地保留黄酮类化合物和抗坏血酸。煎炸对黄酮类化合物的摄入量没有影响。洋葱水煮会导致约30% 的槲皮素糖苷损失,这些物质会转移到沸水中。此时,添加剂对槲皮素共轭物的影响因化合物而异。日常烹饪中添加谷氨酸等调味料可能会导致槲皮素糖苷水解。额外添加亚铁离子会加速黄酮类化合物的损失。

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