Chien Yeh-Chung
Department Industrial Safety and Health, Hungkuang University, 34 Chung-chie Road, Shalu 433, Taiwan.
Sci Total Environ. 2007 Sep 1;382(2-3):228-39. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.04.022. Epub 2007 May 30.
This study examines inter-brand, intra-brand and intra-model variations in volatile organic chemical (VOC) levels inside new cars. The effect of temperature on interior VOC levels was examined using model automobiles with and without the air-conditioning running. Potential sources of VOC were assessed by comparing VOC levels with two interior trims (leather and fabric) and by analyzing VOC emissions from various interior components. Five brands of new car, both domestic and imported, were tested. Twelve targeted VOCs were collected on solid sorbents and analyzed using thermal desorption and GC/FID. VOCs from interior parts and adhesives were identified using solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) coupled with GC/MS. The VOC concentrations varied markedly among brands and within models, and individual VOC levels ranged from below the detection limit (a few mug per cubic meter) to thousands of mug per cubic meter. The intra-model variability (mean, 47%) in the VOC levels was approximately 50% that within each brand (mean, 95%). Although interior trim levels affected VOC levels, the effects differed among brands. Reduction of the cabin temperature reduced most VOC levels, but the impact was not statistically significant. Screening tests for VOCs from interior parts revealed that butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a common anti-oxidant, was the most common chemical. Long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons, particularly C14-C17, were identified in most grease (lubricant) samples, and toluene and xylenes were ubiquitously present in adhesive samples. Process-related compounds, such as plasticizer, were also identified in interior parts. In-cabin VOC levels varied significantly among makes/models and interior trims. Concerned consumers should purchase older new cars from manufacturers since VOC levels inside car cabins normally declines over time. Improved processes or materials with lower VOC emission potential should be used to minimize in-cabin VOC sources for new cars.
本研究调查了新车内挥发性有机化合物（VOC）水平的品牌间、品牌内和车型内差异。使用空调开启和关闭的样车研究了温度对车内VOC水平的影响。通过比较两种内饰（皮革和织物）的VOC水平以及分析各种内饰部件的VOC排放来评估VOC的潜在来源。测试了五个品牌的国产和进口新车。在固体吸附剂上收集了12种目标VOC，并使用热脱附和气相色谱/火焰离子化检测器进行分析。使用固相微萃取（SPME）结合气相色谱/质谱法鉴定内饰部件和粘合剂中的VOC。VOC浓度在不同品牌和车型内差异显著，单个VOC水平从低于检测限（每立方米几微克）到每立方米数千微克不等。车型内VOC水平的变异性（平均47%）约为每个品牌内变异性（平均95%）的50%。尽管内饰水平会影响VOC水平，但不同品牌的影响有所不同。降低车厢温度可降低大多数VOC水平，但影响无统计学意义。对内饰部件的VOC筛选测试表明，常见抗氧化剂丁基化羟基甲苯（BHT）是最常见的化学物质。在大多数润滑脂（润滑剂）样品中鉴定出长链脂肪烃，尤其是C14 - C17，并且在粘合剂样品中普遍存在甲苯和二甲苯。在内部部件中也鉴定出了与工艺相关的化合物，如增塑剂。车内VOC水平在不同品牌/车型和内饰之间差异显著。关注此事的消费者应购买制造商生产时间较早的新车，因为车厢内的VOC水平通常会随时间下降。应采用改进工艺或具有较低VOC排放潜力的材料，以尽量减少新车车厢内的VOC来源。
