Blood mononuclear cells induce regulatory NK T thymocytes in anterior chamber-associated immune deviation.

Injection of antigen into the anterior chamber (AC) of the eye, an immunologically privileged site, is associated with the induction of immune deviation, as evidenced by T helper cell (Th) 1 to Th2 cell polarization. We recently demonstrated that AC-associated immune deviation (ACAID) is a thymus-dependent phenomenon initiated by the formation of regulatory alpha,beta T-cell receptor-positive CD4(-) CD8(-) thymocytes (THYregs). In this study, the afferent and efferent limbs of this immunoregulatory loop were traced from peripheral blood to the thymus and then to the spleen by adoptive-transfer assays. The results demonstrate that (1) F4/80(+) CD1(+) peripheral blood mononuclear cells from mice whose ACs were injected with trinitrophenol-bovine serum albumin induce the appearance of natural killer (NK) 1.1(+) THYreg in naïve recipients within 24 h of intravenous infusion; (2) these NK THYregs induce (or generate) suppressor-effector T cells in the spleens of adoptive recipients; (3) these suppressor-effector spleen cells, but not the NK THYregs themselves, directly inhibit the expression of delayed-type hypersensitivity in sensitized recipients; and (4) peripheral blood mononuclear cells from AC-injected mice do not induce ACAID in thymectomized recipients. These results confirm our hypothesis that ACAID is a model of centrally induced dominant tolerance mediated by CD-1-dependent NK T cells of recent thymic origin. The results also provide evidence of a novel tolerance induction pathway by which blood-borne antigen-presenting cells generated by antigen injection into an immunologically privileged site transport antigen to the thymus and induce the formation and export of THYreg.