饲喂玉米-大豆日粮的幼龄肉鸡（1至21日龄）对钠和氯的需求

Sodium and chloride requirements of young broiler chickens fed corn-soybean diets (one to twenty-one days of age).

作者信息

Oviedo-Rondón E O, Murakami A E, Furlan A C, Moreira I, Macari M

机构信息

Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.

出版信息

Poult Sci. 2001 May;80(5):592-8. doi: 10.1093/ps/80.5.592.

DOI:10.1093/ps/80.5.592

PMID:11372708

Abstract

Sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) nutritional requirements, dietary electrolyte balance (DEB), and their effects on acid-base balance, litter moisture, and tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) incidence for young broiler chickens were evaluated in two trials. One-day-old Cobb broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments, five replicates, and 50 birds per experimental unit. Treatments used in both experiments were a basal diet with 0.10% Na+ (Experiment 1) or Cl- (Experiment 2) supplemented to result in diets with Na+ or Cl- levels of 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, or 0.35%, respectively. In Experiment 1, results indicated an optimum Na+ requirement of 0.26%. Sodium levels caused a linear increase in arterial blood gas parameters, indicating an alkalogenic effect of Na+. The hypertrophic area of growth plate in the proximal tibiotarsi decreased with Na+ levels. The TD incidence decreased with increases in dietary Na+. Litter moisture increased linearly with sodium levels. In Experiment 2, the Cl- requirement was estimated as 0.25%. Chloride levels caused a quadratic effect (P < or = 0.01) on blood gas parameters, with an estimated equilibrium [blood base excess (BE) = 0] at 0.30% of dietary Cl-. No Cl- treatment effects (P > or = 0.05) were observed on litter moisture or TD incidence. The best DEB for maximum performance was 298 to 315 mEq/kg in Experiment 1 and 246 to 264 mEq/kg in Experiment 2. We concluded that the Na+ and Cl- requirements for optimum performance of young broiler chickens were 0.28 and 0.25%, respectively.

摘要

通过两项试验评估了钠（Na+）和氯（Cl-）的营养需求、日粮电解质平衡（DEB）及其对雏鸡酸碱平衡、垫料湿度和胫骨软骨发育不良（TD）发病率的影响。1日龄的科宝肉鸡采用完全随机设计，分为6个处理组，每个试验单元5个重复，每组50只鸡。两个试验中使用的处理方法均为在基础日粮中分别添加0.10%的Na+（试验1）或Cl-（试验2），以使日粮中的Na+或Cl-水平分别达到0.10%、0.15%、0.20%、0.25%、0.30%或0.35%。在试验1中，结果表明最佳Na+需求量为0.26%。钠水平使动脉血气参数呈线性增加，表明Na+具有产碱作用。随着Na+水平的升高，近端胫跗骨生长板的肥大区域减小。TD发病率随日粮Na+含量的增加而降低。垫料湿度随钠水平呈线性增加。在试验2中，估计Cl-需求量为0.25%。氯水平对血气参数有二次效应（P≤0.01），日粮Cl-含量为0.30%时估计达到平衡[血液碱剩余（BE）=0]。未观察到Cl-处理对垫料湿度或TD发病率有影响（P≥0.05）。试验1中，实现最佳生产性能的最佳DEB为298至315 mEq/kg，试验2中为246至264 mEq/kg。我们得出结论，雏鸡实现最佳生产性能的Na+和Cl-需求量分别为0.28%和0.25%。