Murakami A E, Oviedo-Rondón E O, Martins E N, Pereira M S, Scapinello C
Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Paranai, Brazil.
Poult Sci. 2001 Mar;80(3):289-94. doi: 10.1093/ps/80.3.289.
Two trials were conducted to determine Na+ and Cl- nutritional requirements and dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) and its effects on acid-base balance, litter moisture, and incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in broiler chickens during the growing period. Cobb broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design (30 pens) with six treatments, five replicates, and 50 birds per experimental unit at 21 d of age. Treatments used in both trials were a basal diet with 0.10% Na+ (Trial 1) or Cl- (Trial 2) supplemented to result in diets with Na+ or Cl- levels of 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, and 0.35%. In the first trial, the results indicated an optimum Na+ requirement of 0.15%. The Na+ levels, obtained with supplemental NaHCO3, did not affect blood gas parameters and TD incidence. Litter moisture increased linearly with Na+ levels. In the second trial, the Cl- requirement was estimated at 0.23%. Increasing Cl- levels, provided by NaCl with NaHCO3 to balance Na+, caused a linear effect (P < or = 0.01) on blood gas parameters, with an estimated equilibrium at 0.19% dietary Cl-. No effect (P > or = 0.05) of Cl- levels on litter moisture was observed. The hypertrophic area of growth plate in the proximal tibiotarsus increased with Cl- levels (P < or = 0.001). A nonlinear model describes this response. The best dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) was between 250 to 261 mEq/kg in Trial 1 and 249 to 257 mEq/kg in Trial 2. We concluded that the Na+ requirement was 0.15%, and the Cl- requirement was 0.23% for maximum performance of growing chickens between 21 and 42 d of age, and the best DEB was between 249 and 261 mEq/kg.
进行了两项试验，以确定肉仔鸡生长期间钠（Na+）和氯（Cl-）的营养需求、日粮电解质平衡（DEB）及其对酸碱平衡、垫料湿度和胫骨软骨发育不良（TD）发病率的影响。科宝肉仔鸡采用完全随机设计（30个栏），有六种处理，每个试验单元5个重复，21日龄时每个重复50只鸡。两项试验中使用的处理方法是在基础日粮中添加0.10%的Na+（试验1）或Cl-（试验2），从而使日粮中的Na+或Cl-水平分别达到0.10%、0.15%、0.20%、0.25%、0.30%和0.35%。在第一项试验中，结果表明最佳Na+需求量为0.15%。通过添加碳酸氢钠（NaHCO3）获得的Na+水平对血气参数和TD发病率没有影响。垫料湿度随Na+水平呈线性增加。在第二项试验中，估计Cl-需求量为0.23%。由氯化钠（NaCl）与NaHCO3提供以平衡Na+的Cl-水平增加，对血气参数产生线性影响（P≤0.01），日粮Cl-估计平衡值为0.19%。未观察到Cl-水平对垫料湿度有影响（P≥0.05）。近端胫跗骨生长板的肥大面积随Cl-水平增加（P≤0.001）。一个非线性模型描述了这种反应。试验1中最佳日粮电解质平衡（DEB）在250至261mEq/kg之间，试验2中在2
