Grieshaber A F, Moore K A, Levine B
Division of Forensic Toxicology, Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
J Forensic Sci. 2001 May;46(3):627-30.
Pharmacokinetic studies of psilocybin in humans have shown the rapid dephosphorylation of psilocybin to psilocin with further conversion to 4-hydroxy-tryptophole (4HT) and 4-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (4HIAA) in plasma. Our study shows that psilocin also undergoes conjugation and can be found in the urine as the psilocin-glucuronide conjugate. Recoveries after enzymatic hydrolysis of the urine with beta-glucuronidase (Helix Pomatia or E. Coli) when compared to non-hydrolyzed urine confirmed the presence of the glucuronide. Detection of psilocin from hydrolyzed and extracted samples was optimized for GC/MS by derivatization with MSTFA. The method developed allows for the detection of psilocin in urine with a limit of quantitation of 10 ng/mL, based on 5 mL of spiked urine. Using this method, our laboratory has confirmed the presence of psilocin in 6 out of 8 urine samples, with concentrations ranging from 10 ng/mL to greater than 200 ng/mL. Before implementation of the hydrolysis and derivatization steps, our limit of detection was 200 ng/mL, based on spiked urine standards. No case samples were positive without hydrolysis and derivatization.
对人体中裸盖菇素的药代动力学研究表明，裸盖菇素在血浆中迅速去磷酸化生成脱磷酸裸盖菇素，并进一步转化为4-羟基色氨酸（4HT）和4-羟基吲哚-3-乙酸（4HIAA）。我们的研究表明，脱磷酸裸盖菇素也会发生结合反应，并且在尿液中可以发现其葡糖醛酸共轭物形式的脱磷酸裸盖菇素葡糖醛酸。与未水解的尿液相比，用β-葡糖醛酸糖苷酶（苹果螺或大肠杆菌）对尿液进行酶水解后的回收率证实了葡糖醛酸的存在。通过用MSTFA衍生化，对水解和提取样品中的脱磷酸裸盖菇素进行气相色谱/质谱检测的条件进行了优化。所开发的方法能够检测尿液中的脱磷酸裸盖菇素，基于5 mL加标尿液，定量限为10 ng/mL。使用该方法，我们实验室在8份尿液样本中的6份中证实了脱磷酸裸盖菇素的存在，浓度范围为10 ng/mL至大于200 ng/mL。在实施水解和衍生化步骤之前，基于加标尿液标准，我们的检测限为200 ng/mL。未经水解和衍生化处理的病例样本均为阴性。
