Kim Sung-Hyun, Yang Sumin, Jung Jeehye, Choi Jeonghyeon, Kang Mingon, Joo Jae-Yeol
Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea.
Department of Computer Science, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Apr;12(15):e2413786. doi: 10.1002/advs.202413786. Epub 2025 Mar 20.
Mental disorders are a representative type of brain disorder, including anxiety, major depressive depression (MDD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), that are caused by multiple etiologies, including genetic heterogeneity, epigenetic dysregulation, and aberrant morphological and biochemical conditions. Psychedelic drugs such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have been renewed as fascinating treatment options and have gradually demonstrated potential therapeutic effects in mental disorders. However, the multifaceted conditions of psychiatric disorders resulting from individuality, complex genetic interplay, and intricate neural circuits impact the systemic pharmacology of psychedelics, which disturbs the integration of mechanisms that may result in dissimilar medicinal efficiency. The precise prescription of psychedelic drugs remains unclear, and advanced approaches are needed to optimize drug development. Here, recent studies demonstrating the diverse pharmacological effects of psychedelics in mental disorders are reviewed, and emerging perspectives on structural function, the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and the transcriptome are discussed. Moreover, the applicability of deep learning is highlighted for the development of drugs on the basis of big data. These approaches may provide insight into pharmacological mechanisms and interindividual factors to enhance drug discovery and development for advanced precision medicine.
精神障碍是一类具有代表性的脑部疾病，包括焦虑症、重度抑郁症（MDD）和自闭症谱系障碍（ASD），其由多种病因引起，包括遗传异质性、表观遗传失调以及异常的形态和生化状况。诸如裸盖菇素和麦角酸二乙酰胺（LSD）等致幻药物已作为引人关注的治疗选择而重新受到重视，并逐渐在精神障碍中显示出潜在的治疗效果。然而，由个体差异、复杂的基因相互作用和错综复杂的神经回路导致的精神疾病的多方面状况影响了致幻剂的系统药理学，这扰乱了可能导致不同药物疗效的机制整合。致幻药物的精确处方仍不明确，需要先进的方法来优化药物开发。在此，对近期证明致幻剂在精神障碍中具有多种药理作用的研究进行综述，并讨论关于结构功能、微生物群-肠-脑轴和转录组的新观点。此外，强调了深度学习在基于大数据的药物开发中的适用性。这些方法可能为药理机制和个体间因素提供见解，以加强药物发现和开发，实现先进的精准医学。
