Gugerli F, Sperisen C, Büchler U, Magni F, Geburek T, Jeandroz S, Senn J
Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Postfach, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
Mol Ecol. 2001 May;10(5):1255-63. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01279.x.
Populations from 13 elevational transects of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst] across the Alpine range were sampled to elucidate the geographical pattern of genetic variation in relation to postglacial re-colonization and to study elevational effects on haplotypic diversity. We assessed fragment length variation in a tandem repeat region of the mitochondrial (mt) nad1 intron 2. This maternally inherited genetic marker is suited to infer migration as it is dispersed by seed only. A total of 10 haplotypes was found, most of which were due to repeat copy number variation. An analysis of molecular variance (amova) showed that overall population differentiation was high (F(ST)=0.41), and it revealed a significant differentiation between monomorphic western and moderately to highly variable eastern Alpine populations. This phylogeographic pattern may be explained by a founder effect during postglacial re-colonization. An early arriving haplotype, assumed to originate from a western Carpathian refugium, could expand into suitable habitats, reducing the chances for establishment of subsequently arriving haplotypes. On the other hand, the high variation in populations within an Italian transect of the south-eastern Alps may be the consequence of merging migration pathways from and close distance to putative glacial refugia, most likely those assumed in the Carpathian mountains and on the Balkan peninsula or possibly in the central plains of Italy. An effect of elevation on haplotypic diversity was not evident, though a low, but significant, partition of total genetic variation was attributed to among-population variation in one Italian transect. Various factors, such as vertical seed dispersal and forest management, may account for blurring an otherwise established pattern of genetic variation on a small geographical scale.
对横跨阿尔卑斯山脉的13个挪威云杉[Picea abies (L.) Karst]海拔样带的种群进行了采样，以阐明与冰期后重新定殖相关的遗传变异地理格局，并研究海拔对单倍型多样性的影响。我们评估了线粒体(mt) nad1内含子2串联重复区域的片段长度变异。这种母系遗传的遗传标记适合推断迁移，因为它仅通过种子传播。共发现10种单倍型，其中大部分是由于重复拷贝数变异。分子方差分析(amova)表明，总体种群分化程度较高(F(ST)=0.41)，并且揭示了单态的西部和中度至高度可变的东部阿尔卑斯种群之间存在显著分化。这种系统地理格局可能是由冰期后重新定殖过程中的奠基者效应所解释。一种假定起源于喀尔巴阡西部避难所的早期到达的单倍型可能扩展到适宜的栖息地，减少了随后到达的单倍型建立的机会。另一方面，东南阿尔卑斯山意大利样带内种群的高变异可能是来自假定的冰川避难所且距离较近的合并迁移路径的结果，最有可能是喀尔巴阡山脉、巴尔干半岛或意大利中部平原的那些避难所。海拔对单倍型多样性的影响并不明显，尽管在一个意大利样带中，总遗传变异的低但显著的一部分归因于种群间变异。垂直种子传播和森林管理等各种因素可能导致在小地理尺度上原本已确立的遗传变异模式变得模糊不清。
