Kuhn S L, Stiner M C, Reese D S, Güleç E
Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0030,
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jun 19;98(13):7641-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.121590798. Epub 2001 Jun 5.
Two sites located on the northern Levantine coast, Uçağizli Cave (Turkey) and Ksar 'Akil (Lebanon) have yielded numerous marine shell beads in association with early Upper Paleolithic stone tools. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates indicate ages between 39,000 and 41,000 radiocarbon years (roughly 41,000-43,000 calendar years) for the oldest ornament-bearing levels in Uçağizli Cave. Based on stratigraphic evidence, the earliest shell beads from Ksar 'Akil may be even older. These artifacts provide some of the earliest evidence for traditions of personal ornament manufacture by Upper Paleolithic humans in western Asia, comparable in age to similar objects from Eastern Europe and Africa. The new data show that the initial appearance of Upper Paleolithic ornament technologies was essentially simultaneous on three continents. The early appearance and proliferation of ornament technologies appears to have been contingent on variable demographic or social conditions.
位于黎凡特海岸北部的两个遗址，即乌恰兹利洞穴（土耳其）和克萨尔阿基尔（黎巴嫩），出土了大量与旧石器时代晚期早期石器相关的海贝壳珠子。加速器质谱（AMS）放射性碳年代测定表明，乌恰兹利洞穴中最古老的带有装饰品的地层年代在39000至41000放射性碳年之间（大致为41000 - 43000日历年前）。根据地层证据，克萨尔阿基尔最早的贝壳珠子可能更古老。这些文物为西亚旧石器时代晚期人类制作个人装饰品的传统提供了一些最早的证据，其年代与来自东欧和非洲的类似物品相当。新数据表明，旧石器时代晚期装饰技术的最初出现基本上是在三大洲同时发生的。装饰技术的早期出现和传播似乎取决于不同的人口或社会条件。
