Hoza B, Pelham W E, Waschbusch D A, Kipp H, Owens J S
Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1364, USA.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2001 Apr;69(2):271-83. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.69.2.271.
The authors examined academic task persistence, pretask expectancies, self-evaluations, and attributions of boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as compared with control boys. Participants were 83 ADHD boys and 66 control boys, all normally achieving. Prior to the task, performance expectancies were assessed. After a success-failure manipulation with find-a-word puzzles, performance on subsequent trials, self-evaluations, and attributions were evaluated. Compared with controls, ADHD boys solved fewer test puzzles, quit working more often, and found fewer words on a generalization task. Consistent with these behavioral findings, research assistants rated ADHD boys as less effortful and less cooperative than control boys. Although ADHD boys did not differ significantly from controls in their posttask self-evaluations, they did differ significantly from controls in some aspects of their attributions. Attributional data indicated that ADHD boys endorsed luck as a reason for success more strongly and lack of effort as a reason for failure less strongly than controls.
作者研究了患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的男孩与对照组男孩在学术任务坚持性、任务前预期、自我评估和归因方面的差异。参与者包括83名患有ADHD的男孩和66名对照组男孩，他们在学业上均表现正常。在任务开始前，评估了他们的表现预期。在用找单词拼图进行成功-失败操纵后，评估了后续试验中的表现、自我评估和归因。与对照组相比，患有ADHD的男孩解决的测试拼图更少，更频繁地停止工作，并且在泛化任务中找到的单词更少。与这些行为结果一致，研究助手将患有ADHD的男孩评为比对照组男孩更不努力且更不合作。尽管患有ADHD的男孩在任务后的自我评估中与对照组没有显著差异，但他们在归因的某些方面与对照组有显著差异。归因数据表明，与对照组相比，患有ADHD的男孩更强烈地认可运气是成功的原因，而较少将缺乏努力视为失败的原因。
